The leaves of Eucommia ulmoides

[ ] Pinyin name Dù Zhò n Y è
[ source ]
Medicine medium source: Duchonko plants Eucommia leaf.
Latin botanical name: Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. animal fossil
Harvest and storage: autumn harvest, removing impurities, washed, dried.
[ ] the original morphology of deciduous trees, up to 20m. Bark gray-brown, rough, broken open with a plurality of filaments. Young branchlets have brown hair, later glabrescent, old branches have lenticels. Leaves alternate; petiole is long1-2cm, above the groove, are scattered hairs; leaf blade elliptic, ovate or oblong, long 6-15CM, wide 3.5-6.5cm, apex acuminate, base rounded or broadly cuneate, dark green above, pale green below, slightly wrinkled old leaves, margin serrate; lateral veins 6-9 pairs. Flowers unisexual, dioecious, flowers in branches of current year base, male flowers apetalous, pedicels glabrous; stamens ca.1cm, glabrous, without pistillode; female flowers solitary, pedicels ca.8mm, ovarian 1 rooms, apex2 crack, gynophore short. Samara flat, long elliptic, apex2 lobed, base cuneate, surrounding with thin wing nut; located in the central, and fruiting pedicels jointed with joint. Early spring blossom, after autumn fruit ripening.
[ ] habitat distribution
Ecological environment : in elevation of 300-500m low mountains, sparse forests in valleys.
Resource distribution: located in Shaanxi, Gansu, Zhejiang, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, etc.. Now widely planted.
Character.
Character identification this much shrinkage, crushing, intact leaves are flattened oval or ovoid,6-14cm long,3-7cm wide, dark yellow green, apex acuminate, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin serrate, lower surface veins pubescent; petiole 1-1.5cm. Brittle fracture, visible elastic white rubber wire. Gas, slightly bitter taste.
In order to complete, yellow-green, no impurities. Microscopic identification of the product powder is tan. Non glandular cell, broken, complete up to 350μ m,10-30μ m diameter. Rubber wire is more, irregular strip or twisted into bundles or mission, the diameter of 3-12μ m, the surface was granular. Hole for the infinitive, often a single scatter, accessory cell4-6, horny texture clear, guard cells have annular texture.
Physical and chemical identification of (1) take the coarse powder of about 1g,10ml of water, soaking 30min, filtration, filtrate dripping potassium ferricyanide one three ferric chloride solution2 drops significantly, deep blue. ( check the chlorogenic acid) (2) take the coarse powder of about 2G, plus 50%20ml ethanol, soaking 2h, filtration, filtrate and active carbon amount, mix placed approximately10min, filtration. To obtain filtrate5ml, plus5ml ethanol,0.5% ethanol solution of methyl amino benzaldehyde hydrochloride5ml,1ml, hot water bath ( temperature not exceeding 80 degrees Celsius ) on lmin was heated, dark purple, gradually appear blue. ( check aucubin )3quality mark" of Chinese medicinal materials in Jiangsu province standard"1989 edition provides: impurity shall not exceed 2%, acid insoluble ash content shall not be over8%.
[] both chemical composition containing rafter acid (geniposidic acid) sub glycosides, Liriodendron glycosides (liriodendrin), resin phenol glucoside (pinoresinol diglucoside), alcohol (eucommiol), 1- Eucommia Eucommia ulmoides by alcohol (1-deoxyeucommiol), catechol (catechol), 3- (3- hydroxyphenyl) propionate (3- (3-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid), two (dihydrocaffeic acid) hydrogen caffeic acid, guaiacol glycerol (based on guaia-cylglycerol), trans -4- - cyclohexane carboxylic acid (-1- trans-4-hydroxycy-clohexane-1-carboxylic acid), Shi (tartaric acid), fumaric acid (fumaric acid), syringaresinol two glucoside (syringaresinol digluco-side), Harper (Harpagide acetate) - acetate, Ajuga glycosides (ajugoside), red grape Ajuga glycosides (reptoside), aucubin (aucubin), chlorogenic acid (chlorogenic acid), alkaloids (alkaloids), sugar (sugars) [6] and saponins, tannins, lactone, coumarin and its glycosides, resin, protein, Eucommia ulmoides gum (guttapercha) [7]; also contains 2- ethyl furyl acrolein (2-ethylfurylacrolein) consisting mainly of volatile components, including 7 alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, 3 4, 2 esters, 18 hydrocarbon and 1 phenolic; The amino acid glutamate ( glutamic acid ) ( serine ), proline, serine, glycine ( proline ) ( glycine ) ( alanine ), alanine, valine ( valine ), methionine, isoleucine ( methionine ) ( isoleucine ) ( histidine ), histidine, threonine ( threonine ), lysine, arginine ( lysine ) acid ( arginine ) [9]; also contains linoleic acid ( linoleic acid ) composed of fatty acid and calcium based inorganic elements.
[ ] the pharmacological effect
1sedative, analgesic effect of Eucommia Leaf Decoction20g/kg filled the stomach of mouse after 1hours,2 hours,3 hours, the spontaneous activity of mice was significantly reduced, and in 2 hours, the most obvious. Hot plate experiment confirmed the mice by intraperitoneal injection of Eucommia Leaf Decoction and alcohol sedimentation liquid12g/kg can enhance mouse induced pain threshold, has obvious analgesic effect.
2Effect on cardiovascular system of 2.1. on cardiac function of Eucommia Leaf Decoction and alcohol sedimentation fluid 0.2g on isolated guinea pig heart has significantly increased coronary blood flow effect. 20g/kg infusion on rabbit, intravenous isoproterenol induced ST elevation and T wave change no antagonistic effect.
2.2. hypotensive effect of anesthetized dogs and cats intravenous injection of Eucommia Leaf Decoction0.4g/kg after the rapid drop in blood pressure, maintain5 minutes to pick up gradually; intravenous doses above 1g/kg, blood pressure decreased significantly, can maintain a long time. Alcohol extract also has antihypertensive effects, but the pressure amplitude and duration than the water decoction of difference. In anesthetized dogs and cats in the step-down test proves, eucommia leaf water decoction and alcohol extract in the short-term repeated intravenous administration can produce rapid tolerance phenomenon, continuous administration of 3-4or even not hypotensive effect. Eucommia leaf water decoction and65% alcohol extract of6g/kg intravenously can cause a significant decrease in blood pressure in rabbits. Eucommia leaf water solution, alcohol, ether and refined various ingredients such as sugar, alkaloid, aucubin, chlorogenic acid in rabbits after intravenous injection to varying degrees, the hypotensive effect of.
In 3the effect on immune function of mice gavage of Eucommia Leaf Decoction and alcohol sedimentation liquid ( crude drug)10g / kg, for 10 days, can inhibit the 2,4- two dinitrochlorobenzene ( DNCB ) caused by delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, and can fight with large doses of hydrocortisone induced T cell percentage reduction, can make the tumor mouse T cells in the peripheral blood of percentage increased, peritoneal macrophage phagocytic cell function is enhanced, the immune cells showed a biphasic regulation. Mouse daily gavage of Eucommia Leaf Decoction of 6G / kg, a total of 6 days, having improved murine phagocytic carbon ink particle effect, the mouse blood carbon particle clearance rate and Ig3g/kg Astragalus, Codonopsis pilosula were roughly equivalent. Eucommia leaf Decoction12g/kg gavage, of the effect of hydrocortisone by phagocytic function of erythrocyte have obvious effects on the phagocytic activity, increased, indicating Du Zhongyou enhanced immune function.
Ig4the anti-inflammatory effects of eucommia leaf alcohol extract on10g/kg, egg white foot swelling inhibition, but weak role than sodium salicylate. Ig eucommia leaf Decoction on6G / kg, egg white foot swelling has obvious effect, can make the peripheral blood eosinophil decrease, but for the removal of the adrenal gland of rat peripheral blood eosinophilia decreased, description of Eucommia ulmoides leaves depends on the presence of adrenal gland. Eucommia leaf Decoction of 10G / kg, administered for 5 days, can make the mouse blood lymphocyte percentage were significantly lower, juvenile mouse thymic atrophy; leaf Decoction on10g/kg, for 8 consecutive days, the plasma cortisol levels increased significantly, and the adrenal glands of rats in the vitamin C content reduce.
5Effect on glucose metabolism of Eucommia ulmoides leaves Decoction on10g/kg, daily by gavage for 2times, for 8 days, can make the content of liver glycogen of mice was significantly higher, make blood sugar content was also significantly elevated.
6for the house of eucommia leaf water decoction and alcohol extract on isolated rat uterus are inhibited, acetylcholine and can fight for palace excitatory effects.
7other roles in10% leaf Decoction by mouse free drink served 30 days, have apparent antifreeze effect, can prolong the mice at -3℃survival time. Leaf water extract has anti-lipid peroxidation. Using radioimmunoassay observed in Eucommia Leaf Decoction10g/kg gavage can significantly improve in mouse plasma cAMP and cGMP levels.
8 toxicity of Eucommia Leaf Decoction in mice by intraperitoneal injection of the lethal dose is 8.64 ± 0.59g/kg. Daily gavage to mice of Eucommia Leaf Decoction and alcohol sedimentation liquid40g / kg, even3D, abnormal phenomenon. Du Zhongshui Decoction and alcohol sedimentation liquid12g/kg rats were given by gavage, on 21 consecutive days, found no histological changes.
Processing [ ]
1 leaf: to remove impurities, shredding, sieve to ashes.
2fry salt eucommia leaf: take the net of Eucommia ulmoides leaves, salt spray evenly, slightly dull, fry a focal spot. Each leaf100kg, salt2kg.
Characters: see authentication work pieces. Dry storage container, place in a cool dry place.
[ ] micro spicy taste; temperature
[ ] into the liver kidney meridian;
[ ] functions of nourishing liver and kidney; the strong physique; reducing blood pressure. The main low back pain; knee aching and limp weakness; essential hypertension
[ usage]: orally taken decoction,15-30g.
Excerpts from" Chinese Materia Medica" [ ]



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