Stephania epigaea

[ source ] from the" Tang Bencao"" Southern Yunnan Materia Medica": no spitting, than Changshan, chalk, fear of injury. Changshan spit, is conveyed to is conveyed, without the can, so I do not use.
Pinyin name ] [ Dì Bù Ró n
English name [ ] Epigeal Srephaia Root, Root of Epigeal Srephaia
[ alias ] to hibiscus, turtle, turtle, golden lotus leaf tip to gold tortoise, tortoise, hanging mountain, bile, hold the hen, a paper money, its dark disappear, turtle, Aspidistra gold.
[ source ]
Medicine medium source: Menispermaceae is and go south is the root.
Latin botanical name: 1.Stephania epigaea H.S.Lo animal minerals ( S.delavayi Diels )2.Stephania yunnanensis H.S.Lo
Harvest and storage: the autumn and winter, the excavation, removal of fibrous root, washed, sliced, dried.
[ ] the original morphology
Is perennial herbaceous vines for several meters of deciduous, glabrous. The root is huge, oblate, right up to 30cm diameter, outer dark brown, usually exposed on the ground. Lower stem slightly woody, twigs, slightly fleshy, often purplish red, dry significantly linear pattern. Ye Husheng; petiolar long 4-6cm, sometimes up to 11cm, peltate at base from the leaf blade1-2cm times; circular or nearly circular, long 3-5( -7.5) cm, wide 5-6.5( -9) cm, apex rounded or occasionally small cusp, base slightly rounded, margin entire, slightly glossy dark green above, below, a powder; palmately veined upwards of5, down5-6, slender, paper. Flowers small, unisexual, dioecious; male single umbellate cyme, total peduncle long 1-4cm, sometimes5mm, clusters of several to more than 10 small cymes, each cyme with2-7flower; male flowers: sepals 6, in 2 whorls, ovate or elliptical shape egg, long 1.5-1.6mm; the first end short or shortly acuminate, petals 3, purple, slightly fleshy, broadly cuneate or subtriangular, ca.0.7mm, inner surface without glands; female plants for single umbellate cyme, but more closely, the total peduncle long 1-3cm; perianth zygomorphic, sepals 1, obovate or spoon shape pours egg form, long 0.8-0.9mm, born in flower side; petals 1or sometimes 2, obovate,0.8-1mm length; ovary obovate. Drupe red, obovate, fruiting pedicels short, fleshy; endocarp long 6-7mm, width of 5mm, back2 rows of small transverse rib carving patterns, each line of 16-20, placentation trace not perforated. Florescence 5-6 month, month of fruit period 6-8.
2south is a perennial herbaceous vines, long 2-3.5cm. Root in. Root in. Stems and branches, slightly rough, broken branches, leaves with purplish red sap exudation. Ye Husheng; petiole and leaf blade nearly equaling or longer; leaves triangular shaped circular or triangular flat circle, long 3.5-11.5cm, wide 4-12.5cm, apex mucronate or obtuse, base nearly truncate or retuse; palmate veins 9-10, reticulate veins slightly obviously, thinly papery. Flowers small, unisexual, dioecious; male plant compound umbellate cyme, total peduncle3-6.5cm long, slender, an umbrella stem more than 8-10, long 1-2cm, very fine; male flowers: sepals 6, with purple stripes, in 2 whorls, outer inverted branches lanceolate or obovate,1.2-1.6mm long,0.4-0.5mm wide, the inner wheel claw, upper limb nearly rhombic, long 2-2.2mm, width of1.4mm; petals 3, orange with purple stripes, broadly cuneate, long 0.8-1.3mm, wide 1.5-1.8mm, slightly fleshy, inner surface near the middle of2large glands; staminal column longer 0.8-1mm. The female plant infructescences is a compound umbel, total fruit peduncle long 4-7cm, peduncle slightly slender, an umbrella stem up to more than 10, not of uniform length, long 1-3cm. Drupe broadly obovate, endocarp long 5-5.6mm, back with 4 rows of short column carved patterns, apex with large heads, each line of 15-17, placentation trace near median perforation. Florescence 5-6 month, month of fruit period 6-9.
[ ] habitat distribution
Ecological environment:1in montane shrub, forest margins or rock cracks.
2 born in wet limestone River bath.
Resource distribution:1located in Guizhou, Yunnan and other places in the South sichuan.
2distribution in Yunnan.
Character.
Character identification (1) to not allow tuber spherical or oblate, diameter 4-20cm, Tan surface, irregular wrinkles, rugged. Commodity for the transverse or longitudinal section, general diameter2-7cm, thickness 0.3-1cm. Hard and brittle, easily broken, section gray-yellow, vaguely right see tendons lines ( stertiary vascular ) arranged in a ring shape, a concentric circle. Gas micro, taste bitter.
(2) Yunnan is the root slightly oblate,4-18cm diameter, surface with brown to black brown, there are irregular wrinkles, visible protrusions class rounded lenticels. Commercial section diameter 2-6cm, thickness 3-5mm, curly. Folded section or grayish yellow, slightly visible channels lines ( stertiary vascular ) arranged in a ring shape, a concentric circle. Micro, taste bitter.
Microscopic identification of root transverse section: (1) to allow for cork cells of cork layer sequence. Cortex lateral to have single or clustered cells scattered in the stone, stone cell oval, round or square, the short diameter of17-52 μm,35-140μ m long diameter, wall thickness of 4-14μ M. In the column accounted for most of the root, a plurality of monocyclic type stertiary vascular ring are arranged in several rounds of; diameter of21-52μ M. The parenchyma cells contained calcium oxalate crystallization or party majority rod-like crystal, square Jingchang7-18 μm,7-12μ m wide; and the starch grains, single round or oval in shape, the diameter of 5-33μ m, umbilical point crack shape or punctate, complex particle divided by 2grain composition.
(2) Yunnan is a cell cortex lateral2-20communities scattered, mostly round,42-87μ m in diameter, wall thickness, there is a long strip or oblong, long size77-245 μm,35-49μ m short size, a few stone cell thin thin cell containing said product needle crystal and rod crystals, long7-17 μm; starch grains of single round or oval in shape, the diameter of 3-10( -17)μ m, umbilical points and a few spots.
[ ] the chemical composition
To not contain cycleanine (cycleanine), cepharanthine (cepharanthine), (curine), left-handed curarine isocorydine (isocorydine), bicuculline (dicentrine), Aoto (sinomenine), olive dark Luo alcohol alkali (oliveroline), small barberry amine (berbamine), different Valley tree alkali (isochondrodendrin), yellow Xinshu Ning alkali (ushinsunine).
Yunnan is the root of Caulis Sinomenii alkali ( sinoacutine ), with four hydrogen Rheum tetrandrin ( tetrahydropalmatine ), right rotation cepharanthine (stepharine ), l stepholidine ( stepholidine ), of Corydalis by alkali (corydalmine ), cepharanthine (stepholidine), Rheum tetrandrin ( palmatine ), and spots Asian papaverine ( roemerine ). One of Caulis Sinomenii alkali content is 0.48%, with four hydrogen Rheum tetrandrin into 0.51%, right rotation cepharanthine as0.10%, to0.02% by alkali hydrogen corydalis. In addition still Hantou flower cepharanthine ( cepharanthine ).
[ ] the pharmacological effect
1 litre white role is: from their constituents cepharanthine ( cepharanthine ), its hydrochloride to mouse20mg/ dog100mg/ intraperitoneal injection, intramuscular injection, on cyclophosphamide induced neutropenia is ascending; give the dog only 100mg/ or20mg/ only intravenous, on 60Co γray white blood cells caused by reduce also have antagonistic effects.
2: toxicity of cepharanthine alkali free intraperitoneal injection of mouse LD50260mg/kg.
Identify.
1take the coarse powder1g, plus ethanol10ml, cold soak overnight, filtration, filtrate evaporated, residue with dilute hydrochloric acid solution of 4ml, filtration. Take1ml filtrate, plus modified bismuth potassium iodide solution2 drops, produce a large number of orange precipitate. Another1ml filtrate, add2 drops of mercury in potassium solution, produced in large white precipitate. ( check the alkaloids ) plus modified bismuth potassium iodide solution, a large number of orange precipitate; add the mercury potassium solution, produces a large amount of white precipitate.
2pieces of the new section world shaped or powder, the UV lamp (254MM ) were observed under light bright fluorescence: is significant; Yunnan is significant light blue and yellow fluorescent point.
3thin layer chromatography take the powder 4G, plus 0.1%80ml sulfuric acid immersion, placed overnight, filtration, filtrate is dumped into the preprocessed sodium styrene sulfonate resin column ( L ×22cm ), moderate velocity, slowly pour out. After the sample liquid flow, resin is poured out, with distilled water several times, filtered water, plate drying ( so that water does not exceed 60% ). Adding proper amount of10% ammonia alkalization, static20min, a Soxhlet extractor, chlorination imitation of recirculating and eluting ( to no reaction ), chloroform liquid washing to neutral, and anhydrous sodium sulfate amount, filtration. Filtrate evaporated, chlorination imitation 1ml dissolved, the solution represented fat-soluble alkaloid. The use of chloroform backflow resin volatilizing chloroform, plus ethanol elution, collecting liquid vacuum evaporation of ethanol and methanol,1ml is dissolved, the solution of Water Soluble Alkaloids on behalf of. Lessons for was0.6 μ L, the other with high aro mourning alkali, Isotetrandrine, berbamine, cycleanine, cepharanthine, magnoflorine, cyclanoline as controls, respectively, to alkaline silica gel G thin-layer plate. Fat-soluble alkaloid with chloroform and methanol (10:1), water soluble alkaloids with chloroform methanol ammonia (15:4:1) as a developing agent, launched18m, the UV lamp (254nm ) were observed under spots; the other with modified bismuth potassium iodide of potassium iodide (1:1) was a mixed color, test for sample and reference substance in the corresponding location of chromatography, was the same color spots.
[ ] taste bitter cold; toxic;
[ ] to the liver through the stomach; lung;
[ ] functions of spiting phlegm food store solutions; cut malaria; sore. The main malaria; abdominal pain; furunculosis carbuncle
[ usage]: orally taken decoction, grind end,0.5-1g1.5-3g. External: fresh goods amount, trace and apply, or at the end of the inquiry tune apply.
Be careful.
Medicine should be carefully.
1" Southern Yunnan Materia Medica": the virtual blood is contraindicated.
2" Southern Yunnan Materia Medica": heat recovery in its leaf affixed to the affected area, if the suit is in its toxicity, shen.
[ ] the discussion
1" Tang Bencao": the main check Fanre, monarch of malaria, throat closed and phlegmatic.
2" Southern Yunnan Materia Medica": cut malaria, spit, but food.
3" the total set victory" : Juice with realgar end transfer service, to relieve himself of snake venom, with its sediment deposited.
4" schema": phlegm fire, Lee throat, back red eye.
Excerpts from" Chinese Materia Medica" [ ]
http://chinese-herbal-medicines-directory.blogspot.com/