White pine

[ ] from Chinese herbal medicine in Shanxi."".
[ ] B I Pinyin name 's S n T transactions to be
[ alias ] pine, pine, pine, walnut, pine coffin tree snake, white pine
[ source ]
Medicine source: for Pinus bungeana cones.
Latin animal mineral name: Pinus bungeana Zucc.ex Endl.
Harvest and storage: early recovery.
[ ] the original morphology of trees, as high as 30m, bust up to 3m. Bark grayish green or grayish brown, irregularly stripping; annual branches gray-green, glabrous. Winter buds reddish brown, ovoid. Needles 3 needles in bunches, coarse, length 5-10cm, diameter 1.5-2mm, dorsal and ventral sides of leaf stomata line, apex acuminate, margin serrulate; leaf sheath caducous. The male cones ovoid or ellipsoid, ca. 1cm, most poly was born in new base into a spike, long 5-10cm; female inflorescences 1 to several students new upper. Cones ovoid, usually single, initial upright, after ptosis, yellowish brown when ripe, length 5-7cm, diameter 4-6cm, scales tip of thick, scaly shield for diamond, ridged, umbo scales shield was born in the central, sharp thorns. Seeds brown, nearly obovoid, ca. 1cm, a fin short, reddish-brown, easy to fall off, ca. 5mm. Flowering 4-5 month, fruit is ripe period the following year 10-11 month.
[ ] habitat distribution
Ecological environment: born in the elevation of 500-1800m mountain.
Resource distribution: located in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Henan, Sichuan, etc.. In addition, Liaoning, Beijing, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi ( Mount Lu ) cultivation.
Cultivated [ ]
1 biological characteristics of cold resistant, natural distribution in the cold climate of high altitude acidic rock mountain, at - 30 degrees C and cold climates. Suitable for growth in the acid soil, but in pH7.5-8 slightly alkaline soil can also apply to celebrate, like light, was slightly shade tolerant, long life.
Cultivation techniques of seedling to select 2 good drainage, irrigation, to exert flat, sandy loam or loam soil deep. Four spring soil thawing should be carried out immediately after seeding, seed germination is required before sowing. Using high field or a high ridge planting, each 1hm 15-22.5kg. 1-1.5cm 1cm soil cover, cover thickness temperature and sawdust. Seedling emergence to prevent bird, sowing year should be buried in the cold winter, to soil water. Spring selection biennial seedling transplanting, plant and row spacing of 20cm x 60cm, along with digging oval planted after planting, watering down.
3 prevention and control of pests and diseases in seedling damping-off, seedbed soil and medicine, or the incidence of Dexon 500-800 times fluid control. Main pests of seedlings with damage, the base must be full maturity, crushed. Pine aphid seedling twigs and needles, damage early spray 50% phoxim emulsion.
[ character ] character identification cones ovoid, long 5-7cm, yellowish brown or tan. Scales tip of thick, scaly shield for the diamond, a transverse ridge, umbo scales shield was born in central, with sharp thorns. Seeds obovoid, ca. 1cm, testa brown, endosperm white, aromatic, sweet, rich oiliness; a winged 5mm, a joint, easy to fall off.
[ ] the chemical composition of white pine cone containing saponin, phenols, volatile oil, volatile oil containing citric acid ( limonene ) etc..
Pharmacological action [ ]
Expectorant, antitussive, antiasthmatic effects of 1 50g / kg or phenol Decoction part of 1.5g / kg, phenol red method in mice demonstrated a significant expectorant effect; volatile oil also has certain expectorant effect, mainly for the neutral oil II ( not identified ). Total volatile oil 2G / kg, or the neutral oil I ( identified as limonene ) 0.7G / kg, the ammonia water induced cough in mice with cough, due to their role as expectorant cough often occur at the same time, so that the antitussive effect may be the expectorant action results. Total volatile oil spray and decoction on histamine and acetylcholine induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs with asthma, its Anti-asthmaic components mainly for neutral oil.
In 2 experiments on animals bronchitis effect Decoction daily 50g / kg gavage, administered for 10 days, due to long-term give chlorine caused by chronic bronchitis pathological models, with the promotion of the diseased tissue recovery effect; Decoction on long-term tobacco infected rat caused by bronchitis, inhibit the columnar epithelial cells to goblet cell transformation and serous gland to mucinous transformation function, performance for the control group tracheal gland serous and mucous glands in the ratio of 1 : 4.3, while the treatment group ratio is restored to nearly 1: 1, all levels of bronchial mucosa goblet cell number, the treatment group also decreased obviously than that in control group; bronchial inflammation also most resume. Volatile oil emulsion is not observed this effect.
3 Influence to adrenal cortex function: 2% total volatile oil of 15mg / kg in rats with gastric, its 24 hour urinary excretion of 17 ketone sterol quantity, more about medicine is obviously increase.
4 sedation, low pressure resistant effect: Decoction 2G to rats after intragastric administration with mice, shaking the cage, can be seen in the spontaneous activity of mice was significantly reduced; the same dose Decoction gastric lavage, can reduce mortality in mice under low pressure.
5: bacteriostasis of volatile oil of 1.31mg / ml on pneumonia bacteria inhibition team. 2.62mg / ml haemophilim influenzae, Streptococcus viridans inhibition; 10.5mg / ml on catarrhal coccus restrain. But after intragastric administration on infection pneumococcal mouse no protective effect.
[ ] a toxicity mice gavage LD50, volatile oil of 2.29g / kg, 0.208g / kg phenol part. Subacute toxicity, big gavage Decoction 50g / kg or 2% volatile oil emulsion 15ml / kg, 1 times a day, for 1.5 consecutive months, decoction group animal drug anorexia, weight loss, in the early days of hair and other phenomena, after more than 10 days gradually returned to normal, the body weight and liver function ( alanine aminotransferase and thymol turbidity test ) without adverse effects, the histopathologic examination was found to have drug toxic lesions.
[ ] the bitter taste of warm;
[ function ] expectorant cough relieving asthma attending;. Primary chronic tracheitis; cough; shortness of breath; foaming sputum
[ usage]: orally taken decoction, 1-2 two.
[ ]" the discourse of Chinese herbal medicine in Shanxi:" the antitussive, expectorant, anti-inflammatory, relieving asthma. Treatment of chronic bronchitis, cough, shortness of breath, foaming at the mouth sputum.
Excerpts from" Chinese Materia Medica" [ ]
http://chinese-herbal-medicines-directory.blogspot.com/