Leopard

[ source ] from Tsay" circle"
[ ] B, O G Pinyin names and
English name [ ] Leopard Bone
[ source ]
Medicine source: for cats, clouded leopard, leopard leopard bone.
Latin animal mineral name: 1.Panthera pardus Linnaeus2.Neofelis mebulosa ( Griffith ) [ Telis nebulosa Griffith] 3.Uncia uncia Schreber [Panthera uncia Schreber; Felis uncia Schreber]
Harvest and storage: annual catch, and more. After the killing, stripped of flesh, leaving four paw fur, then tick net residual meat, dried or dried.
[ ] the original morphology
1 leopard, tiger, tiger shape than small. 1-1.5m long, weighs 50kg. Strong, sturdy limbs, forelimb hindlimb slightly more lenient, before the 5 toe, foot 4 toes. Plantigrade, tip of toe with sharp, curved claws can be hard, telescopic. Round head short ears. Summer Mao Zong yellow, winter hair yellow, back deep. The head and face with the dense and small dark spots, and extends to the neck and back, in the back and side form a black circle, shaped like money, so that the leopard. Under the neck, chest, abdomen, limbs of the medial are white, black rare. Lateral limbs with dark brown spots, tail also have a size ranging from dark spots, tail black.
2 clouded leopards, small size, long 75-110cm, long 70-92cm heavy tail, 15-20kg. Short legs, tail length of more than half of the length of body. Back hair to grayish yellow or yellow, with irregular massive black markings, like clouds, so that the clouded leopard. The neck has intensive small black spots, eye has not complete wheel ring, after the eye has an obvious longitudinal black lines, the nape of the neck 4 black lines, the 2 stop on the shoulder, lateral two thick, extending to the base of the tail. Limbs with long black yellow. Tail color with the back end, a plurality of non integer ring black tail, black.
3 snow leopard, such as the leopard and the smaller, long 1-1.2m, 30-50kg, tail length in 1m. The head is small and round, with small and dense black. General gray hair white with black studded ring spot, the body is black. Gray white black deaf, edge. Black and white beard. The base of the tail end of a large black spots, black. Prior to the 5 toe, foot 4 toes. The front foot than the hind foot wide. Toe end with a horny claws, slightly curved, sharp cutting edge. Winter, summer hair density and color difference.
[ ] habitat distribution
Ecological environment: 1 inhabits mountain forests and hilly areas. A fixed nest. Solitary, nocturnal animals will. Of fierce, jumping ability, good climbing. Mainly by eating plants, such as sheep, deer, rabbits and so on.
2 live in tropical, subtropical forest and evergreen forest also have higher. Extremely good climbing trees, many in a tree. Nocturnal, meat, of eccentric, fierce, but generally do not hurt.
3 life in the mountains, of fierce. Nocturnal animals. In the cave, multiple pairwise live. Wild sheep, sheep for food, but also eat the deer family animals and other small ungulates.
Resource distribution: 1 located in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet and other places.
2 located in Shaanxi, Anhui, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Hainan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places.
3 located in Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Sichuan, Tibet etc..
[ character ] character identification, the skull is oblong, slightly thin bone, frontal bone protrusions, the snout is longer, the parietal bone without groove. The upper jaw incisors, canines have 3 to 1 on 4 molar, on; zygoma under having incisors, canines, 3 to 1 on 3 molar on; canine vertical, a tiger fangs is smaller, old and rust color. The spine has 24 sections, the tail vertebra is longer, about 36 festival. The ribs on each side there are 13 roots, are round. Limb bone and tiger similar, slightly elongated forelimbs; medial fossa ulna ( water ) a bar; the kneecap oval, thick front end, rear thin, outside the central protuberance, two side slope; help bone thicker, slightly and seam similar. Paws is thin, grayish yellow miscellaneous left black ring fur, claws incurved, curvature than tigers, why. Market goods with other uncommon, bone, bone white color was dull, dry bones, not gloss oil, face white, bone cavity about bone thick L / 2, the bone cavity inner plexiform bone marrow bones for less than, color is light. In order to bone weight, hard, go to net muscle is preferred.
[ ] the chemical composition of leopard, clouded leopard, leopard bone with calcium phosphate and protein. The clouded leopard 4 bone contains large amounts of collagen, calcium and phosphorus content is also high.
Pharmacological action [ ]
1 the anti-inflammatory effect of alcohol extract of money leopard 30g ( drug ) / kg and 60g / kg gavage ( Medicine ), 12h for 1 times, 3 times in total, xylene induced mouse ear swelling in a very significant inhibition on mouse angle; and carrageenan induced foot swelling has certain inhibition, but compared with the control group, no significant difference. 00g / ( kg d ), gastric lavage, continuous 8D of cotton ball granuloma of rats showed significant inhibitory effects on 30g / kg dose group, but no significant role. In addition, leopard on rat rheumatoid arthritis with egg white and tiger similar significant anti-inflammatory effect.
Analgesic effect of alcohol extract of 2 money leopard 6og ( drug ) / kg, gastric lavage, the mouse hot plate method, can significantly prolong pain latency; 60g / kg and 30g / kg, 12h gavage, each for 1 times, 3 times in total, acetic acid writhing response in mice showed significant inhibition. In addition, there have been reports of analgesic effect and tiger, leopard and dog bone similar to.
3 sedative effects of alcohol extract of money leopard 80g / kg gavage, could significantly increase under threshold dose of pentobarbital intraperitoneal injection in mice induced by sleep number pin, while 40g / kg dose group increased significantly. 80g / kg dose group also can prolong the threshold dose of pentobarbital pin mice sleep time. Leopard, tiger and dog bone three sedative effect without obvious difference.
4 the anticonvulsant effect of money leopard alcohol extract 60g / kg, 4h after gavage administration was 1 five times, against pentylenetetrazol induced convulsion in mice occurrence time is slightly extended, but not significant, showed no significant effect of pentylenetetrazol convulsions.
Toxicity of 5 8og / kg and 40g / kg, 2h gavage, each for 1 times, 5 times in total, total dose of 400g / kg and 200g / kg, delivery was observed after 7 into the results, no toxicity and death occurred, anatomical examination, without any macroscopic visceral abnormalities.
[ identify ] physicochemical identification, leopard bone exists leopard by specificity proteins, these proteins ( antigens ) by certain peptides. The polypeptide surface amino acids has a small part of decision or control antigen, antibody complexes anisotropic reaction antigenic determinant, which is commonly referred to as the immunological specificity. Using this characteristic for the blood of preparing clear, by the combination of absorption, prepared by immunoassay using DH - Leopard assay reagent. This reagent countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis and agar gel immunodiffusion method can accurately test verification for the snow leopard, clouded leopard leopard or leopard.
[ ] Leopard: go to net muscle preparation, cleaning, drying, facing with. Oil Leopard: take the net leopard, a saucepan with oil fried crisp, or put the fire after the crispy sesame oil. Vinegar Leopard: get sand in a saucepan fry to join the net easily, leopard, fry yellow, sieve sand, the leopard by hot pour vinegar quenching crisp, dry out. ( per net leopard 100 jins with vinegar 20-30 kg )
[ ] taste acrid in taste salty; temperature;
[ ] to the liver; kidney; spleen meridian
[ function ] rheumatism; the strong physique; Zhen Jing sedative. The main arthralgia due to musculoskeletal pain and numbness of limbs;;; waist sour; infantile convulsion convulsion
[ usage] oral administration of decoction, 9-15g; or incineration grinds end punch, every time 3G, daily 9g; or leach liquor; or into the pill, powder. External: moderate, burning ash, sauce, wash.
[ note ] blood fire Sheng Shen clothing.
[ ] the discussion
1 Meng Shen: Leopard skull, burning ash leaching juice, to head the white dust.
2" circle": strategies to usurp functions of tiger.
3:" learn" herbal pain town Jing, strong gluten bone health.
4" Sichuan Journal of Chinese Materia Medica": Zhuifeng pain, strong gluten zhuanggu. Treatment of musculoskeletal pain, cold and dampness, spastic quadriplegia flexor extensor not.
Excerpts from" Chinese Materia Medica" [ ]
http://chinese-herbal-medicines-directory.blogspot.com/