Turtle shell

[ source ] from the" Shen Nong's Materia Medica"
[ ] Bi Ji gave Pinyin name
English name [ ] Turtle Shell
[ alias ] on a turtle, turtle shell, shell, turtle shell, turtle, turtle, turtle is a cover lid
[ source ]
Medicine source: Trionychidae animal Trionyx sinensis carapace and palea steindachneri.
Latin animal mineral name: 1.Trionyx sinensis ( Wiegmann ) 2.Trionyx steindachneri Siebenrock
Harvest and storage : in spring, summer, autumn catch turtle, cut down, cut back, go to the net residual meat, dried. Also the turtle body is arranged in the boiling water 1-2h, burns to the skin to peel back out, back to peel, net meat, dry cleaned.
[ ] the original morphology
1 Chinese turtle, body is oval or nearly oval, a body length of approximately 30-40cm. A pointed head, snout length, a sudden kiss was a short tubular; nostril in front on the rostrum, marginal mandibular covered with horny sheath, toothless, small eyes; pupils round table, the tympanic membrane is not obvious, the neck can be up to more than 70mm, the base of neck without granular warts, head, neck can be fully retracted into a. Dorsal plastron without horny plate was with leathery skin, margin with soft thick connective tissue, also known as skirt. A small protuberance back skin warts, into longitudinal ribs, back central slightly raised, 8 pairs of ribs 8 laminae, to, no anal plate, edge of edge plate. Back bone slices not fully bone, rib and rib healing, its distal end projecting rib outside. Limbs than the flat, 5 fingers three fingers forelimbs; medial is exposed outside the claw; two finger claws were wrapped in the skin and is not exposed, hind toe claw growth are the same, with webbed toes, refers to and developed. The male body is flat and long tail, the end is exposed out skirt; female tail short, not exposed skirts. Urogenital Anal Hole crack. Head and neck above the yellow, olive green, with yellow markings in lower jaw to the throat, eyes and black streak behind the eyes, the top 10 spots. Body back olive green or dark brown, with black, abdomen yellowish, with green stripes on both sides of the skirt, near the tail with two round pea green stripes. Forelimb above olive green; beneath the pale yellow color, hind above shallow. The median for the olive green, more than all the pale yellow.
The 2 body of palea steindachneri, suborbicular, when body weight 9kg, length, width of 36cm x 21cm, large weight up to 20kg. Body back uplift, rough skin, body, neck, back edge, limbs and tail are ranging in size from the fleshy protuberance like nails; body rear drum nail more dense. Edge endoplasmic skirt is hypertrophy. Sturdy limbs, laterally compressed. The tail is short, slightly flat conical, base broadly, the distal end tip. Body black, dark green, purple or black violet. The head, limbs and black or dark green. The ventral surface black in color with purple, with darker patches.
[ ] habitat distribution
Ecological environment: 1 living in lakes, rivers, ponds and reservoirs and water.
2 live in mountainous rivers, river, and lake.
Resource distribution: 1 except Xinjiang, Ningxia, Qinghai, Tibet and other places has not been reported, widely distributed in all parts of the country.
2 distributed in Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places.
Cultivated [ ]
Biological characteristics, turtle color with living environment changes, a protective color. The main use of pulmonary respiration, main amphibious life, in water production from floating to the water surface to exchange air. Of quiet, timid, in fine form gas, often climb up the shore bask, omnivorous, but eating animal food, such as fish and other animal offal. The water temperature in the 25-33 C, feeding strong, rapid growth, water temperature is below 15 DEG C, stop feeding, is lower than 12 DEG C, V in the bottom mud in hibernation.
Breeding technology of dioecious, turtle, turtle breeding season is summer, after mating every year 5-8 month for oviposition period. The female turtle often in the evening at the shore of the loose mud sand digging to lay eggs, and then sand and flattening, every point 7-30 gold. Natural incubation period 50-60 day. Artificial ovum hatching, temperature control in 26-36 C, temperature in 75%-85%, then the incubation period is shortened to 40-50 high hatching rate of up to 90% days.
Feeding management of cannibalism, turtle feeding habit, so the size grading breeding, rearing density is not too large. Larval stage feed requirements nutrient-rich, easy to digest, to earthworms, cooked egg yolk, animal waste as well. The 3-5 days for the 1 time. Young turtle, turtle period feeding amount is large, 5-10 months of daily feeding 2 times. Pro 4 : 1 by male and female turtle or 3: 1 stocking, strengthen after the nutrition, to early oestrus, mating, spawning.
[ character ]
Character identification, this product is oval or ovoid, dorsal hump, length 10-15cm, width 9-14cm. The outer surface is dark brown or dark green, slightly shiny, finely reticulate wrinkles and gray to grayish yellow or white spots, the middle 1 stripe edge, flanked by symmetrical transverse concave lines 8, skin is shed, visible jagged block seam. The inner surface of white, middle protrusion of dorsal vertebra, cervical bone inward curl, on each side of the rib 8, a protruding edge. Quality hard. Gas micro fishy, mild.
Microscopic identification, bone fragments were irregular in shape, size, white or pale yellow, have vertical surfaces or arranged in a crisscross pattern like mesh close texture and fine punctiform pore, the bone lacunae irregular death, long prismatic or elongated slit-like, bone tubular loom.
Chemical composition of [ ]
1 of Trionyx sinensis carapace, containing collagen ( collagen ), calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, Trionyx sinensis polysaccharide ( Trionyx sinesis polysaccharides ), and containing aspartic acid ( aspartic acid ), threonine, glutamate ( threonine ) ( glutamic acid ), ( glycine ) glycine, alanine, cysteine ( alanine ) ( cystine ) methionine, valine ( valine ), ( methionine ) ( isoleucine ), isoleucine, leucine ( leucine ), tyrosine, phenylalanine ( tyrosine ) ( phenylalanine ) ( lysine ), lysine, histidine, arginine ( histidine ) ( arginine ) ( proline ), proline, serine ( serine ) and other 17 kinds of amino acid, and calcium sodium, potassium, aluminum, copper, zinc, manganese, magnesium, phosphorus, 10 kinds of trace elements such as raising.
2 of palea steindachneri, carapace and plastron containing collagen, amino acids, peptides, large amounts of calcium and phosphorus.
Pharmacological action [ ]
1 strong role: Turtle polysaccharide 0.5, 1, 2.0g / kg intragastric 15-20 days, can significantly improve the hypoxia tolerance and anti freezing effect, can prolong the swimming time of mice, the anti fatigue effect.
2: immune function of Trionyx sinensis polysaccharide 0.5, 1, 2.0g / kg intragastric 15-20 days, can significantly improve the murine plaque forming cell hemolytic capacity, promote the formation of hemolysin antibody; and enhance the delayed hypersensitivity in mice.
3: with 0.5% or 1% other Trionyx sinensis polysaccharide Renger immersed in sciatic nerve of toad gastrocnemius muscle specimens, increased contraction height and Huawen area, extending the sustained contraction time effect. This product can inhibit the proliferation of connective tissue, may disappear caking; and having an increased role of plasma protein, a predicate can be used for liver disease induced anemia. This product can inhibit the proliferation of connective tissue, thus eliminating agglomerates; and having an increased role of plasma protein, a predicate can be used for liver disease induced anemia.
[ ] toxicity toxicity: Turtle polysaccharide oral 100g / kg, 14 days after dosing, no death, dissection of animals, the eye has no pathological changes.
Identification of thin layer chromatography [ ]: take the methanol extract on silica gel G thin-layer plate, with butanol - 95% ethanol acetic acid - water ( 4 : 1: 1: 2), 0.3% of indinavir three ketone butanol liquid spray, 105 degrees 5 minutes to dry, with arginine, glutamate as control goods, samples of liquid chromatography with standard liquid chromatography on the corresponding position, show the same purple spots.[ ]: Processing on water immersion, to net skin Gang, Shen Jing, dried. Vinegar: take on net sand into pan fried to heat, then add the net on, fry to the surface micro yellow, take out screen to the sand, the vinegar basin soak, rinse water, dried out. ( each turtle 100 jins, 30 jins with vinegar )" Essentials": common tastes crisp fried yellow.
[ ] taste salty taste; slightly cold
[ ] liver kidney meridian;
[ ] functions of nourishing yin and clearing heat; Qianyang Xifeng; Ruanjian sanjie. The main deficiency heat; heat deficiency of Yin work; fever; virtual wind dynamic; small for epilepsy; chronic malaria; malaria parent; cirrhosis of liver; amenorrhea
[ usage]: orally taken decoction, 10-30g, first decoct; aogao; or into the pill, powder. External: moderate, burnt deposit, grind end with or powder.
[ note ] deficient cold of spleen and stomach, eat less loose stools and pregnant woman forbids.
[ ] of men and women of Party governance deficiency work: on a thin, with vinegar processed into yellow, picrorhiza two money, to the end. Artemisinin Jiantang clothes off. ( Sun Simiao ) in the heat of the night to treat deficiency on thin, Fanre, or cough up blood: what a Jin ( boiling water wash, to oil net ), four two with Radix Glehnia littoralis, Ophiopogon, six two, white tuckahoe three two, Chen Guang leather one or two. The fifty bowl of water, decocting ten bowls, slag and then fried, filter out juice, slow fire boil cream, honey four two. Every morning and evening each served a few spoon, soup adjustment. ( the word" Materia Medica" ) the rule of heat evil deeply sunken pulse number, char, tongue dry black teeth, fingers but feel anxious peristalsis, prevent syncope with convulsion : Decoction of six money, the dry Radix Rehmanniae on six different six money, money, a money, Radix five money ( heart ), seed money, raw oysters five money, unripe money on eight. Eight cups of water, boil eight points three cup, three times. (" Wen Bing Tiao Bian" two a Fumai Decoction treat malaria ) the old long constant: first broiled on end, ramming, confusion, and season three served as. (" a" rear elbow ) to cure a kind of malaria: drugs, turtle ( SSN), Changshan each two two, these three two, leaves a liter ( cut), gypsum four two. In seven litres of water, boil two liters of five, Wen San. Avoid garlic, hot surface, porcine, fish. (" a" and treat malaria rear elbow ) mother on twelve points: ( SSN), Wu fan ( burning ), three points three points six points of Scutellaria baicalensis, bupleurum, Porcellio three (AO), ginger three, rhubarb, three points, five points three points of peony, cassia twig, draba nemorosa a ( first ), Shi Wei three points ( hair ), Magnolia three, peony five points ( heart ), leave Mai two, Jacaranda three points, a three points ( SSN), honey four points (SSN), red - twelve points, six points ( first ), pat peach two points, one point of Pinellia ternate, effect of ginseng, window in five ( first ). On twenty-three flavor, is at the end, taking the burning stove ash a bucket, a bucket of five wine HOH, liming, Hou wine as half, a turtle in the cooking pan, so bad as paint, Hank takes juice, fried, the drug was nine, such as the great son of Wu, hollow clothes seven nine, day three. (" synopsis of the Golden Chamber" Biejiajian Pill in the treatment of addiction: turtle ), to Li Le peel, stem ginger powder. Divided into pills, hollow thirty pill, then serving. (" resistance" and treat heart masses of ) blood product: one or two ( turtle soup bubble abluent, vinegar dip one night, the fire and dry, then quenching and sunburn, a crisp degree, grind extremely fine ), amber money ( grind extremely fine), rhubarb, five money ( wine fried ). Research on close powder. Every morning coat two money, transfer under the soup. (" Involution" Zhen home ) - treat woman month water adverse, bellies: dorsal shoulder pain: bored, tired on two two (TU vinegar processing to yellow, to skirt tuck ), Sichuan yellow one or two ( contusion, subtle), amber two halves. On ramming Luo for end, honey and pills, such as Wu Tung large. To warm the wine twenty pills. (" Holy Benevolent Prescriptions" turtle pill ) with refractory scamming people missing colors, thin, Beck won between pain: Biejia burn to yellow, to the end, wine transfer service on three inch dagger. (" rear elbow" ) and 11 treatment of hematemesis: more than one or two ( on file for the film ), clam powder one or two ( turtle shell and, in Diao fry yellow inside ), cooked and dried Rehmannia two halves ( storms do ). Three taste for fine powder compacting. Each serving of two Qian Bi, after edible wax tea clearance tune, I can sleep when taking medicine, little, (" St. Francis." turtle powder ) 12 treatment of low back pain not pitching: died on a (SSN, vibrating sieve ). Clothing small dagger, food, daily three. (" a rear elbow" ) and 13 treatment of urolithiasis: Biejia rod end, to the wine served two or three inch dagger, under stones recovered. (" rear elbow" ) and 14 treatment of asthma is urgent, not sleeping, bellies with pneumatosis: Turtle one or two (TU vinegar processing to yellow, to skirt pleated almond ), half ( soup dip, peeled, sharp, bran fried yellow ), red Poria one or two, wood one or two. On vibration sieve for casual, each serving five money, with water in a lamp, the ginger half, wick bunch, fry six minutes, go sediment, regardless of time, clothes. ( ' Holy Benevolent Prescriptions" ) and 15 treatment of Yin dream: relief on burning, for each word, to wine half light, child urine half light, light blue seven inch with fried, onions, daily feed when clothes, issued by the Khan for degrees. (" supreme commander" medical base ) 16 in the treatment of postpartum early air-cooled, Xie Li and down on hand: such as, Angelica sinensis, Rhizoma Coptidis Rhizoma Zingiberis, two two, one, three inches long. On the five taste of fine-cut, with seven litres of water, boil three liters, go sediment, divided into three suits, three. (" Qian Jin Fang" turtle soup ) and 17 treatment of infantile epilepsy: Biejia SSN to yellow, ramming for end, take a money, clothes or pills such as milk, big red bean. (" the secret" lash 18 treatment of periappendicular abscess ) pain: Biejia burned dark water, research, take a money, day three. ( Liu Yuxi" letter square" ) and 19 treatment of ulcer not healing, or send back all sores: Biejia burned dark, grind mixing. ( ' /" strange odd side ) 20, hemorrhoids, anal edge rat milk, gas back pain: what three two (TU vinegar processing to yellow, to dress in two two ), betel nut. On ramming Shiloh is scattered, each to food, drinking two money to porridge. (" Holy Benevolent Prescriptions" turtle powder ) and 21 treatment of Yin carbuncle: husband head on one end, a taste, charred, egg white and apply it to. (" wings of gold." ) 22 toothache: turtle. Baking rolling into fine powder, storage in a drying vessel spare. Pro, and turtle powder 0.5 grams in pipe tobacco leaf surface, lit when the smoke. (" the exhibition of selected facial features division" )
[ ] the discussion
The 1" Chinese Materia Medica": Commentaries on classics, ' ' says in metallurgical work, but this" resistance" cloud of Shu, fatigue curing thin, except bone thermal, later was used. However, have according to, also can not be too agent.
The 2" Chinese Materia Medica": Main dissipation on Sutra to its taste and almost flat, flat also SIM also, be soft firm, Xin Neng came, so" the classics" the main masses, strong product, cold and heat, mass., polyps, Yin to corrosion, hemorrhoids, evil meat;" don't record" cure a kind of malaria, in order to malaria will summer-heat disease, class of Yin into water, the decline of people, but as the summer deep, evil into yin and Yang, so in the heat, and in overcast and cold very worry, vitality is evil and win, in middle-jiao rule, even for malaria. Mother. A heat dissipation can be nourishing Yin in addition, so as to treat malaria to the drug, is also the retreat work heat in bone and yin deficiency and cold and heat exchanges of top grade. Abdominal pain in children with blood, and the firm, all female branch blood disease, should the Lord will have. Labor, female labor complex is a complex of medicine; labor thin deficiency, the addition of postpartum perineum; take off, especially urgent data.
The word" 3" materia medica: turtle, in addition to yin deficiency and heat malaria, heat deficiency of medicine solution of labor. Wei Jingshan said, turtle and tortoise beetle, similar and dissimilar, also intrinsic to Yin, enters the liver, the blood is divided into main Jueyin disease, Jueyin blood closed evil knot, gradually to cold and heat, for the masses, for the mass expansion, as malaria, for the shower drain, as deficiency, salty winner if the stomach is weak, Yang deficiency, food and drink without vomiting, diarrhea, Yin weak stomach, swallowing too, Keni short, lack of interest by lifting, this is also.
4" Materia Medica": the turtle, kind words and nourishing Yin, is passed, the Dan River Cloud Yin and cloud cover gas with Yang Yin Qi, the special, the" after" may permit. " By the" Yin said, no gas, no gas is dead. The cover is the only true Yin Qi, there is a student, a student namely, so" the classics" the first cloud masses attending confidants Kennedy product fever. Namely" don't record" and Zhen Quan," Hua Zi" is a kind of malaria, with Chinese materia medica blood minor, food, cold night block, Xuan stereotypies, cold and broken key words also for minor. Dan is to uncover the Yin Qi thought words, is on the way now. Zong Shuang called the" silent treatment" in labor, but treatment Xulao for multiple uses, which has been, is made to in books of attending, and right also. Qing bone powder, solid is its consistent deficiency heat or work. Win support such as soup, is the addition of heat and deficiency work to beneficial essencehematic taste also. And wheat fried powder, refractory and Virgo deficiency is yellow thin halitosis muscle heat sweats, this card is for disease of seven emotions. Deficient fever, not by blood stasis, and not by the blood stasis in. Where the virtual work permit, probably an aching heart and blood stagnation, cover not disappear, new blood to have also. The wheat fried powder with turtle, and from the dry paint to plot. And Gentiana Biejia scattered, the permeabilized muscle fever one side.
5" don't record": a kind of malaria blood therapy, abdominal, back pain, infantile breast firm.
6" resistance": a host of food, in cold hypochondrium mass block, Xuan, Xia, work thin, under the gas, in addition to bone joints between the hot, hot solid work, congestion. Treat woman missed five win thin.
7" Materia Medica": Hua Zi to blood gas, broken feeling knot, bad blood, abortion, elimination of sores and flutter about blood loss, malaria, acute appendicitis.
The 8" Chinese Materia Medica": Commentaries on supplement Yin qi.
9" Introduction to medicine" the main work: malaria, malaria, old woman amenorrhoea, pediatric epilepsy.
10" schema": in addition to the old mother malice malaria malaria, abdominal pain, fatigue, food complex, pock mark tired panting, woman postpartum vaginal dystocia, take off, the husband Yin sore, carbuncle stone shower; convergence.
11" Jiangxi": Traditional Chinese medicine cure rickets.
Excerpts from" Chinese Materia Medica" [ ]
http://chinese-herbal-medicines-directory.blogspot.com/