Pyrethrum

[ ] Ch Ch Pinyin name" n be J cabinet cabinet
[ source ]
Source: for medicinal Compositae pyrethrum flower heads and the grass.
Latin animal mineral name: Pyrethrum cinerariifolium Trev. [ Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium ( Trev. ) Vis.]
Harvest and storage: spring second years spent in the fully open when the recovery, the best quality. The recovery should be sunny, pluck and air dried.
[ ] the original morphology of pyrethrum perennial, high 20-60cm. Whole plant light silver, is appressed hairs or top bifurcate pubescent thong. Leaves alternate, silver gray, with glandular dots; basal leaves up to 20cm, 1-2cm wide, ovate or elliptic, along the winged rachis to pinnatisect, pinnately or palmately to pinna shallow to deep cleft, ultimate pinna bar or oblong-ovate, apex obtuse or short acuminate. Capitate, single or several rows into a hydrophobic corymbose; involucral bracts ca. 4; ray white, apex truncate or retuse; tubular flower yellow. Achene with a pappus poor longitudinal ridge, coronary 1mm, edges flush or tooth missing. Flower, fruit 5-8.
[ ] the origin of European habitats distribution. The north and the South China region has cultivated.
Cultivated [ ]
1 biological characteristics like the mild climate, suitable for growing in 10-25 degrees Celsius temperature conditions, such as temperature more than 30 DEG C, plant growth by inhibition of. Sex strong, Hardy, but the fear of frostbite. Like wet, such as drought, plant and flower blossom yield were significantly reduced in number. Should be neutral or slightly alkaline sandy loam, clay and low-lying land and acidic or alkaline strong area for planting.
2 cultivation techniques with seeds and ramets propagation. Seed propagation: in wintering areas, autumn sowing than spring sowing good. Autumn Sown in it to bleach, dry seeds. Spring sowing in spring equinox to the Qingming, after pregermination of seed. Accelerating germination treatment method, in 1 weeks the seed before sowing, water immersion 5-6 hours, seed water absorption swelling after the removal, in the cloth roll, at room temperature 15-20 C, keeping the 5-6 days flip, about 2% seed germination, then seeding, seeding, row spacing 45cm, 30cm, 1hm2 sowing dry weight per about 3.75kg, planting soil, watering. Also can use the spring seedling transplanting method. The ramets propagation: division period to fall 9-10 months is appropriate; or early spring plant separately, according to plant growth years, size can be divided into 4-7 strain range. But this method is seldom adopted in production.
3 field management after planting, weeding loosener in September, line, in April the following year with further cultivating middle earth. During the reproductive period with human excrement and urine, ammonium sulfate as a fertilizer, mid 4 and mid July each 1 times.
4 pest disease are mainly atrophy disease, multiple takes place in May each year.
4.1. Choose good drainage and plots, and continuous cropping.
The 4.2 time that the field weed, ventilation, light transmission.
4.3. The removal of diseased plants in disease, hole into lime ( alkaline soil should not be apply ).
4.4. Prior to the onset of spraying Bordeaux mixture ( 1 : 1: 120). Insect pest has tiger, such as grubs wireworms, underground pest damage, seedling, can use bait trap.
[ character ]
Character identification of inflorescence is flat globose, diameter of about 1cm, involucral bracts 40 Yu Mei, imbricate in arrangement, 2-4 layer. Bracts sublanceolate, yellowish green, be shorthair. Torus oblate, edge is a layer of a, 15-30 flower, female, corolla pale yellow, apex 3 crack. The central tubular flower 200-300 flower, bisexual, corolla yellow, apex 5 crack, 5 stamens, pilose pappus. Micro gas smell, taste bitter and spicy.
To dry, a broken is preferred.
Microscopic identification of powder characteristics: pale yellow. The pollen grains of spherical shape, diameter 30-35m, thorn closed layer is prominent, the aperture of 3. The pollen sac cell wall is thin, with punctate, strip or spiral thickening. The bracts of fiber cell wall lignification and thick, with the wall of hole. The ligulate corolla lower epidermal cell wall undulation, with obvious cuticular veins. The sessile capitate glandular hairs, 2-8 cells, the top surface of the oblong view. The non glandular T-shaped, wall as single cells, 2-4 cells.
[ ] the main chemical composition of inflorescence containing 4 insecticidal compositions, pyrethrum ( pyrethrin ) I, II and cinerin ( cinerin ) I, II; still water su alkali (stachydrine ), alcohol ( pyrethrol ), pyrethrum pyrethrum ester ( pyrethrosin, chrysan-thin ), beta ( beta lactone ring of pyrethrum - cyclopyrethrosin ), the other containing sesquiterpene lactone components: ( 11R ) - 11, 13 - two hydrogen figure set [ (11R ) - 11, 13-dihydrotatridin] A, B, ( 11R ) - 6-O - beta - D - glucose - 11, 13 - two hydrogen into B [ ( 11R ) - 6-O - beta - D-glucosyl-11, 13-dihydrotatridin B], ( tatridin) A tower put set, B, two hydrogen - beta - ring pyrethrum lactone ( dihydro - P - cyclopyrethrosin); flavonoids: brown scaly cornflower flavonoids ( jaceidin ), apigenin 7 galacturonic acid methyl ester ( apigenin-7-galacturonic acid methyl ester ), apigenin 7 glucuronic acid ( apigenin-7-glucuronic acid ), ( apigenin ), apigenin and luteolin ( luteolin ).
[ ]: pharmacological effects of insecticidal pyrethrum on a variety of insects such as mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches and other bugs and toxic effect. Insect exposure pyrethrin after 1-2 minutes over-excited, movement disorders, was quickly knockdown and paralysis. But there are also some insects in 1 days after recovery. Pyrethrum is typical of the nerve poison, a direct role in the excitable membrane ( ex-citable membranes ), an interference film ion conduction, the main effect of nerve membrane sodium channels, so that the excited Na conductance increase vanishing process delay, resulting in the transmembrane sodium ion flow is extended, cause sensory nerve fibers and motor axons repetitive activity, short neuronal depolarization and sustained muscle contractions. High concentrations inhibit the neuronal membrane ionic conduction, blocking the excitement.
[ ] the toxicity of pyrethrum oral on mammalian toxicity is very low, it for insect and mammalian toxicity than most other organic pesticides are low, and in vivo is rapidly metabolized, actually does not leave residues. Pyrethrum lactone on warm-blooded animal toxic, rabbit 52mg / kg subcutaneous injection, in 48 hours of death.
[ ] the taste of bitter cold;
[ function ] insecticide. The main scale; and for killing flies fleas ticks;;;; bugs; and for agricultural pesticides
[ usage] external: moderate, milling powder.
[ note ]" the compilation of Chinese herbal medicine": This product is often as a mosquito repellent incense raw materials, also known as powder or emulsifiable concentrate. Sensitive contact or inhalation, can appear rash, rhinitis, asthma and other. Inhaled or swallowed more, can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, abdominal pain, tinnitus, nightmare, syncope. The baby can also appear pale, convulsions and other disorders.
Excerpts from" Chinese Materia Medica" [ ]
http://chinese-herbal-medicines-directory.blogspot.com/