Ginkgo leaf

[ source ] out" Essentials" goods department.
[ ] B I Pinyin name 's Gu I Y keyword
[ alias ] Ginkgo biloba
[ source ]
Medicine source: Ginkgo biloba ginkgo leaf plant.
Latin animal mineral name: Ginkgo bilobe L.
Harvest and storage of autumn: mining, removing impurities, cleaning, use fresh or dried.
[ ] the original morphology of Ginkgo biloba, deciduous trees, high up to 40m. Branches have long branches with short branches, tree bark grayish brown, shallow crack, old is grayish brown, with deep fissures. Leaves on long shoots spiral scattered, on short branch 3-5 ( - 8 ) clusters; handle long 3-10cm; blade fan, pale green, glabrous, with a plurality of 2 fork parallel fine veins, margin width 5-8cm, repand, sometimes central lobed or parted. Flowers unisexual, dioecious, monoecious flowers sparse; born in short branch top scaly leaf axils; male cones into catkin form, pendulous; female flowers have long stem, stem end is often divided 2 fork fork, each terminating in a disk-shaped beads, each bead seat an ovule, only a development seed. Seed drupelike, ellipsoid to subglobose, length 2.5-3.5cm, diameter of about 2cm; exocarp fleshy, with white, light yellow or orange yellow when ripe; testa bony, white, with 2-3 edge; endotesta membranaceous, endosperm copious. 3-4 month flowering, seed maturity and seed 9-10.
[ ] habitat distribution
Ecological environment : in an elevation of 500-1000m acidic soil, good drainage area of natural forest in.
Resource distribution: North from Shenyang, South to Guangzhou, East China, southwest to Guizhou, Yunnan has cultivated.
[ character ]
1 characters of blades with multiple folds or broken, a complete sector, length 4-8cm, width 5-10cm, on the edge of irregular wavy toothed, some of the central concave, base cuneate, veins fine, for most binary shape parallel veins; petiole length 2-7cm. Paper, easy longitudinal tearing. Gas micro, taste slightly astringent. In order to yellow-green, integrity is preferred.
2 microscopic Ye Heng section surface thin chest 1, outer cuticle. Mesophyll cell differentiation is not obvious, many with the shape or oblong, cells often contain brown or covered with oil blob; vascular collateral type, secretory ducts in the vascular bundle interposition. Epidermal cells under the 1 column, outside the horny layer; a sunken stomata. The older Ye Wei bundle has a 1-2 column cell wall composition of the vascular bundle sheath cell; leaves contain calcium oxalate crystals, the diameter of 8-106 ~ M.
3 physicochemical identification ( 1) take the fragments of 10G, 10ml boiling water, 15mim, hot filtration. With 2ml filtrate, plus powder amount and acid 3-4 drops, the water bath heating minutes, was red brown. ( check the flavonoid ) ( 2) the appropriate point in the filtrate of filter paper, spray 2% aluminum chloride ethanol solution, stem post ultraviolet lamp ( 365nm ) were observed under significant yellow, green fluorescence. ( check the flavonoid )
[ ] leaf chemical composition containing flavonoids flavonoids and their glycosides which belongs to components are kaempferol ( keampferol ) ( luteolin ), luteolin, myricetin, quercetin ( myricetin ) ( quercetin ), isorhamnetin ( isorhamnetin ), clove Flavin (syringetin ), kaempferol - 3 - buckthorn glucoside ( kaempferol-3-rhamno-glucoside ), kaempferol - 3 ( 6 - to coumaric acid glucosyl - beta - 1, 4 - rhamnoside [kaempferol-3 - (6-p-coumaroylglucosyl - 3 - 1, 4-rhamnoside ) ], kaempferol - 3-O - ( 2-O - 3 - D glucopyranosyl base ) - A - L - pyran rhamnoside [ kaempfer-ol-3-O ( 2-O - P - D-glucopyranosyl) - A - L-rhamnoyranoside], kaempferol - 3-O - 2-O-6-O - on - ( 7-O - 3 - D glucopyranosyl base ) Coumadin acyl ] - P - D glucopyranosyl base ] - A - L - pyran rhamnoside
Pharmacological action [ ]
1 on the cardiovascular effects from Ginkgo biloba leaf presented in flavonols ( Flavonol for quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin mixtures ) or ginkgetin, on guinea pig isolated heart perfusion may induce coronary vasodilator, injection in guinea pig hind limb perfusion of artery, expansion of hindlimb blood camp, leaves double flavone on rat hindlimb vascular also has expansion effect. Leaf extract ( 1ml each containing total flavone glycoside 4.263mg ) against adrenaline caused by isolated rabbit ear vascular contraction, the role of total glucosides of weak; in the anesthetized rabbit muscle injection clinical dosage of 20-40 times, blood pressure, respiration and have no effect on. Ethanol extract and flavonols, cat, rabbit blood pressure, on the heart, breath is no impact; such as the application of greater vasodilator dose 100-1000 times the flavonols, injection in guinea pigs, can cause a moderate degree of blood pressure, heart rate and respiration increases; on rat performance boost, but these changes associated with anesthesia, animal excited, solvent effects, no practical value. Leaf extract formulation of oral or intravenous injection, can make the Parkinson's disease patients with cerebral blood flow increases, improve the brain nutrition.
2 on the smooth muscle of flavonols or ginkgetin on isolated guinea pig intestine class has spasmolysis, against the action of bradykinin, but also against histamine and barium chloride induced spasm, the effect intensity and papaverine were similar, but more durable; leaf ethanol extract on isolated guinea pig trachea and ileum, can antagonism of histamine and acetylcholine induced convulsion effect, in the intestine experiment also can counteract the effect of intraperitoneal injection of barium chloride, can prevent histamine induced asthma in guinea pigs of Ginkgo biloba flavone compounds, in the guinea pig lung overflow experimental or histamine spray experiments, performed on bronchial dilatation. The leaves of two flavone on slow heartbeat in the intestines spasm spasm induced by Bradykinin function.
3 other roles: contains flavonoids, ginkgo Pavilion, ginkgetin tablet, on high cholesterol in patients with hypertriglyceridemia seems to reduce serum cholesterol levels, increased phospholipid, improve the C / P ratio, for hypertension patients seemed to be hypotensive effect, but range is not big. Preliminary in vitro test of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri has bacteriostatic function. From the bark of Ginkgo isolated alkaloids with vessel contraction and dilation of the pupil function.
[ ] 0.5-1ml / kg toxicity leaf extract ( 1ml 0.5g crude drug in rabbits after intravenous injection ) for 10 consecutive days, in blood, liver, renal function and pathological examination showed no change, than the people of large amount of 10-40 times the drug, to give the dog a continuous intravenous injection for 1 weeks, appearing salivation, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, loss of appetite decline phenomenon; biopsy, intestinal mucosal secretory hyperactivity, anesthetized dog, rabbit intestinal peristalsis, the injection of local vascular stiffening. Flavonols on blood coagulation system, no effect, but higher doses may interfere with blood coagulation.
[ ] bitter taste; Gan; astringency; flat; the small poison
[ ] to the heart; lung; spleen meridian
[ function ] Huoxue Yangxin, astringing the lung and intestinal. The main chest pain; asthma sputum cough; diarrhea; leucorrhea
[ usage]: orally taken decoction, 3-9g; or extract as tablet or pill, powder. External : the amount, trace and apply or paint; or washed fried.
[ note ]" Journal of Chinese Materia Medica": a true jiyong.
[ ] the discussion
1" Essentials": goods department for end and side cake, simmer cooked food, only xieli.
2" Journal of Chinese Materia Medica": convergence of lung, relieving cough, only muddy. Treating phlegm panting and cough, leucorrhea whitish.
3" Su medicine Herbal Handbook:" treat elephant leg.
Excerpts from" Chinese Materia Medica" [ ]
http://chinese-herbal-medicines-directory.blogspot.com/