Plantain

[ source ] front early in the seed is used as medicine, was first recorded in" the classics", and" don't record" by Ye Jigen. " Materia medica by annotations" cloud: many people. " Materia Medica" cloud map: ... ... This river, Huai Austin, near Beijing, north is everywhere. Spring newborn seedlings, Ye Budi such as the spoon surface, year long and Chi Yu, rat tail, the flower is very fine, slightly red cyan; as strong as draba nemorosa, black and red. Draw Chuzhou plantain seed map. According to the form that car plant in front of the car.
[ ] Pinyin name Ch Qi 's n C be o
[ alias ] all Yi, horse shoes, plantain, power, Ling Xi, bugloss, toad clothing, cattle left, wins, wheel dish, Sheng Xi Xi dish, ant clams grass, grass, grass, cattle Rex Qian Guan Xi, wild beet, Elephantopus, Bai Guan grass, grass, grass pig ear spoon in five, Qixingcao, grass roots, Huang Ma turtle grass, grass, toad, pork bellies ash basin grass, grass, grass court wheels, donkey ears grass, grass, cattle, money series beet yellow cattle ear tree, Rex
[ source ]
Medicine source: for car front, the record plant and the whole plant plantago.
Latin animal mineral name: 1.Plantago asiatica L.2.Plantago major L.3.Plantago depressa Willd
Harvest and storage: sow second years autumn harvest, to dig the whole plant, washed sand, use fresh or dried.
[ ] the original morphology
In front of 1 perennial herbs, plants can be as high as 50cm. With fibrous roots; long stipitate, with the blade equaling or longer than leaves, base broadened; leaf blade ovate or elliptic, long 4-12cm, 2-7cm wide, apex acute or obtuse, base narrow growth sessile, entire or irregularly undulate shallow tine, usually with 5-7 arcuate veins. Stems several, high 12-50cm, angulate, sparsely hairy stems, spikes to 2 / 5-1 / 2; flowers pale green flowers and Su Cunbao each piece 1, triangular; calyx 4, basally slightly all students, oval or ovoid, night latch; corolla, corolla tube ovate, membranous, apex 4 lobes triangular, outside the counter roll; stamens 4, inserted on corolla tube near base, alternate with corolla lobes, anthers oblong, apex with a triangular protuberance, filaments linear; pistil 1; ovary superior, ovoid, room 2 ( holiday 4 rooms ), style 1, linear hairy. Capsule egg shaped conical, mature at about below 2 / 5 peripheral crack, below 2 / 5 places. Seed 4-8 or 9, near the oval, dark brown. Florescence in October 6-9 month, fr..
2 cars with front difference is: leaf blade ovate or broadly ovate, long 6-10cm, 3-6cm wide, apex obtuse, base rounded broadly cuneate; leaf base often expand or sheath. Spike length 3-10cm, flowers arranged in close. Seed 7-15, black.
3 flat cars with before two kinds of difference is: plant with cylindrical taproot. Leaf blade elliptic, elliptical shape lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, base narrow. Calyx lobes of bracts ca. as long as. Capsule conical. Seeds oblong, dark brown.
[ ] habitat distribution
Ecological environment: born in 1 in mountain road, garden, or garden, river wetland.
Born in 2 in a roadside ditch, cropland edges, damp place.
Born in 3 in 1800m elevation following hillside slopes and river ridge.
Resource distribution: 1 distributed in all parts of the country.
2 distributed in all parts of the country.
3 distribution of several times throughout the country, but to the north as much.
Cultivated [ ]
Biological characteristics like wet warm and humid climate, relatively cold-resistant, mountainous, hilly, plain could grow. Lax to edaphic requirement, general land, fields corner, can be planted around the house, but with a fertile, moist sand grew better clip.
Cultivation techniques for seed reproduction: live or seedling transplanting method. 6-10 have maturity seeds. Spring broadcast, 3-4, 1.3m wide border, according to the factors about 27cm digging shallow hole, each 1hm2 with seed 4.5kg. Seedling transplanting method, in the 9-10 months of autumn sowing, open the 1.3m wide furrow sowing seeds, each with 15kg, 1hm2, late February - late March transplanting, by spacing about 27cm opening holes, each hole planting 2-3 lines, each 1hm2 seedbed, may transplant about 10hm2.
Field management growth period needs cultivating, weeding, fertilizing 3. Direct method for plant seedling height, first in 3cm even when the seedlings up the seedling promptly, second, 3 in 5, June. Growing and transplanting seedlings after transplanting, each 1 times in half, second times in the first batch of the ear after harvest, third times in the second batch of the ear after harvest.
Pest and disease control of diseases of leaf spot disease, can be sprayed 65% Amobam agent of 500-600 times fluid control. Root rot, available 50% tuzet WP 1000-1500 times liquid water. Downy mildew, can be in after onset of 1 : 1: 300 spraying Bordeaux mixture control. Infestation with aphids, available 40% dimethoate EC 800-1500 times fluid control. Mole crickets, available 50% phoxim Baythion EC 1000 times liquid water.
[ character ]
Character identification (1 ) in front of fibrous fascicular. Ye Zaiji Department of dense, long stipitate; leaf crinkle, flattened to ovate or broadly ovate, long 4-12cm, 2-5cm wide, apex obtuse or mucronate, base broadly cuneate, margin subentire, wavy or sparsely blunt teeth, with distinct basal veins 7, surface grayish green or dirty green. Spike inflorescence, flower stalks are arranged in alienation, long 5-15cm. Capsule ellipsoid, circumscissile, calyx night save. Micro gas smell, taste bitter.
( 2) the former with short and fat rhizomes, and the fibrous roots. Leaf blade ovate or broadly ovate, long 6-10cm, 3-6cm wide, apex obtuse, base rounded or broadly cuneate, basal veins 5-7. Spikes arranged closely. With my car.
( 3) of Plantago root conical, straight and long. Leaf blade elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, length 5-10cm, width 1-3cm, margin denticulate or irregularly serrate, base narrow, basal veins 5-7. Spicate top flowers densely, lower flower is sparse. Yu.
The blade is complete, color is grey green is preferred.
Microscopic identification of leaves surface view: (1 ) the front upper and lower epidermal cells like square, the epidermal cells of larger, with horny line; stomatal infinitive, subsidiary cells in 3-4 2 cells; glandular hairy head, oval, long 48-72 m, width 15-18 M. Petiole non glandular cells of more than 30, petiole cross-section of vascular 7-9.
( 2) the head of the 2 cells long before the glandular hairs, 36-48 m, 30-38 m, handle of single cell, long 12-24 m, width 12-24 M. Petiole non glandular cell 10-15. Petiole cross-section of vascular 4-7.
( 3) of Plantago glandular head 2 cells, long 30-42 m, width 20-24 m, handle of single cell, long 15-21 m, width 12-15 M. Petiole non glandular cell 20-30. Petiole cross-section of vascular 5-7.
Chemical composition of [ ]
The 1 car the whole grass containing ursolic acid ( ursolic acid ), are thirty-one alkyl (n-hentriacontane), beta sitosterol (sitoserol ), stigmasterol ( stig-masterol ), beta - Valley palmitate (sitosteryl palmitate ), stigmasterol palmitate ( stigmasteryl palmitate ) [1 ], aucubin ( aucubin ) [2 ], Plantago asiatica glycosides ( plantainoside ) A, B, C, D, E, F, to rhamnose different ocean eugenol glycoside B (cal-ceorioside B ) - 3, 4 - two hydroxy benzene ethanol - 6-O - coffee acyl - beta - D - glucoside ( 3, 4-dihydroxyphenethyl alcohol-6-O-caffeoyl beta - D-glucoside ), go to the rhamnose ocean eugenol glycosides (acteoside), different ocean eugenol glycosides (isoacteoside), ocean ( acteoside ), and eugenol on grass glycosides (leucosceptoside ) A, different angle flax glycosides (isomartynoside), angular flax glycosides (martynoside) [3 ].
The ground part of the front of flavone glycoside (plantaginin ), to rhamnose different ocean eugenol, ocean eugenol glycosides, Plantago major glycosides ( plantaginin ), to rhamnose different ocean eugenol, ocean eugenol glycosides, Plantago major glycosides ( plantamajoside ), 7 - hydroxy rosea glycosides ( hellicoside ) [4 ].
The leaf contains aucubin [2 ], [ 5] in front of flavonoid glycosides, high Plantagin ( homoplanta-ginin ) [6 ].
The root contains aucubin [2 ], [ 5] in front of flavonoid glycosides, high Plantagin ( homoplanta-ginin ) [6 ].
The root contains month stachyose ( stachyose ) ( sucrose ), sucrose, raffinose ( raffi-nose ) [ 7] and other carbohydrates.
2 cars before the entire grass-containing oleanolic acid ( oleanolic acid ), beta sitosterol, campesterol ( campesterol ) stigmasterol, luteolin ( luteolin ), 6 - hydroxy luteolin ( 6-hydroxyluteolin ), ocean eugenol glycosides, luteolin glucoside ( 7-O - lu-teolin7-O-glucoside ), 6 - hydroxy - 7-O luteolin glucoside ( 6-hydroxy-luteolin7-O-glucoside ) [8 ], monoterpene iridoid glycosides composition aucubin, Plantago ether glycosides ( plantarenaloside ), Ixora chinensis glycosides (ixoroside ), Woodruff glycoside ( as-peruloside ), mountain rose flowers glycosides ( melampyroside ) [9 ], plantain glycosides ( majoro-side ) [10 ].
Leaf containing fumaric acid ( fumaric, acid ) benzoic acid ( benzoic acid ) ( cinnamic acid ), cinnamic acid, syringic acid ( syringic acid ), homovanillic acid ( vannillic acid ), p-cumaric acid ( p-coumaric acid ), gentisic acid ( gentisic acid ), salicylic acid ( salicylic acid ), cool alcohol ( tyrosol ), 3, 4 - two hydroxy cinnamic acid methyl ester ( 3, 4-dihydroxy cin-namic acid methyl ester ), 3, 4 - two hydroxy cinnamic acid ethyl ester ( 3, 4-dihydroxy cinnamic acid ethyl ester ), ryegrass lactone ( loliolide, digiprola-ctone ) [11 ], baicalein ( baicalein ), alpine baicalein ( scutellarein ), luteolin, baicalin, chlorogenic acid ( baicalin ) ( chlorogenic acid ), new chlorogenic acid ( neochlorogenic acid ) [12 ], [ 13] aucubin, rosea glycosides [14] and polysaccharide _ _ _ _ plantain peels ( plantaglucide ) [15.Pharmacological action [ ]
1 on urinary system: effect of plantain has a diuretic effect, can make the dog, rabbit and human discharge more water, and increased urea, uric acid and sodium chloride from. Plantain ethanol extract can inhibit the horse kidney Na+-K+-ATP enzyme activity, and dose-dependent, 50% inhibiting the activity of Na+-K+-ATP enzyme quantity ( IC50 ) to 16 u g / ml. Plantain water extraction and alcohol precipitation of liquid medicine to 0.5g / kg dog intravenous injection, significantly caused by increased urine output, and the upper segment of ureter ureteral peristaltic frequency enhancement, elevated intraluminal pressure. Pressure changes in performance for peristaltic, short-term ( 15-70 s) tension and long time ( 70 seconds ) tension pressure rise. This a few respects synergistically, helpful for ureteral stones down, possibly plantain diuretic row stone is one of the mechanisms.
Antitussive, antiasthmatic and expectorant action, 2: plantain Decoction to two high and low doses of cat gastric lavage, can cause cough induced by electrical stimulation of the cat threshold increased significantly, and with the increase of dosage, mapping to strengthen. Mice gavage of 30g / kg plantain decoction, can significantly inhibit cough induced by ammonia. Plantain Decoction of 2 x 10 ( - 2 ) g / L can make the rabbit bronchial lung specimens of pulmonary outflow volume increased significantly. Plantain decoction can significantly antagonism of histamine, acetylcholine induced contraction of isolated guinea pig trachea of, so that the tracheal smooth muscle relaxation, with antiasthmatic effects of. For rabbit gavage of plantain decoction, can make the rabbit tracheal secretion increased significantly, certain expectorant effect. Plantain Decoction to the cat gastric lavage, can make the anesthetized cat endotracheal secretions increase, obvious expectorant action, but not of Platycodon grandiflorum. After administration of the drug effect of 3-6 reached the peak hours, could maintain 6-7 hours. In front of flavonoid glycosides in addition to facilitate tracheal and bronchial mucus secretion, can inhibit the respiratory center, so that the deeper breathing slowly, and there is some antitussive effects of.
3 anti-pathogenic microorganism action: plantain flooding agent in vitro on Trichophyton concentricum, woolly sporule dermatophytes, stellate slave card bacteria have different degrees of inhibition. Flat hole method proof of Staphylococcus aureus on plantain highly sensitive, moderate sensitive song dysentery bacillus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi sensitive. Plantain extract 15mg / ml killing of Leptospira role.
4 on gastric, intestinal function: to Pavlov small stomach and gastric disease dog gavage in front of vegetation extract or infusion on gastric secretion in 0.5g / kg, have two-way adjustment function of hair; fruit rue alkali caused by excessive secretion of gastric juices and adrenaline induced gastric secretion of too little, both antagonism. Plantain on working state of the stomach has inhibitory effect on the quiet state of the stomach, but no effect. Plantain can also be temporary increase in intestinal fluid secretion, had no significant effects on intestinal movement. Rhodiola rosea extract water in front of the pectin to reduce rat gastric ulcer index 95%, promoting canine gastric secretion, reduce the amplitude of contraction of isolated intestine of rabbits, and to fight against the barium chloride and histamine contraction effect. Plantain pectin on mouse brake type gastric ulcer, gastric ulcer induced by aspirin, phenylbutazone induced gastric ulcer model has a good control effect. Leaves of Plantago major fruit powder can also prolong rat gastric emptying time.
5: anti-inflammatory effects in rats after oral administration of 0.5g / kg front pectin or 1g / kg, by formaldehyde or dextran induced inflammatory edema, had the obvious inhibiting effect.
6 other roles: plantain extract in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and sarcoma of mouse S180 has a weaker inhibitory effect. In front of flavone glycoside ( plantaginin ) in small doses can cause of slow heartbeat, amplitude is increased, elevated blood pressure, large dose can cause a heart attack, blood pressure reduction. It also makes heavy breathing becomes large and slow, promoting bronchoconstriction and digestive tract secretion, promote the intestine, uterus movement. The whole grass contains aucubin of mice purgative effects, medication for 6 hours after the onset of diarrhea, the median effective dose of 0.39g / kg. Aucubin can also protect the liver against carbon tetrachloride, and alpha Amanita muscaria Tan Su virulence, it still Amanita lamb ( Amanita phalloides ) of the mushroom poisoning antidote. From the front of benzene ethanol glucose glycosides ( phenylethanoid glycosides ) has an antioxidant effect, in rat liver microsomes by ADP and NADPH induced lipid peroxidation in Plantago asiatica glycosides, D IC50 0.36 mol / L.
[ ] the toxicity of plantain Decoction mouse intravenous LD50 of 7.9g / kg. Front fruit glue solution intraperitoneal injection of mouse LD50 of 1.7g / kg; rat oral daily 2G / kg and 3G / kg, for 28 consecutive days, the dog daily oral administration of 3G / kg and 5g / kg, successive 3 weeks, showed no obvious abnormality.
[ ]" thunder gun sunburning on processing": the leaf, do not allow the stamen stem ... ... File, new tile on stem of. " Daughter": to cut. Current, raw herbs, removing impurities, grab the water wash, slightly moist, cutting, drying, sieving to ashes. Pieces trait: irregular pieces, root, leaf, flower mix. The root for the irregular to the section shape. Leaf crinkle, some broken surface dirt, grayish green or green, longitudinal veins conspicuous, arcuate vein 5-7. Inflorescences spicate. Gas, slightly bitter taste, viscous. Dry storage container, a ventilated and dry place, mothproof.
[ ] taste sweet; cold
[ ] to the liver; kidney; urinary bladder meridian of
[ function ] diuresis; cooling blood detoxification. The main heat accumulation of bladder; urination; leaching voiced belt; damp dysentery; epistaxis; hematuria; liver heat and red eyes; sore throat; boils
[ usage] oral administration of Decoction: fresh goods, 15-30g, 30-60g; or Daozhi. External: moderate, fried, washed Daolan deposited or Jiaozhi Tu.
[ note ]" the classics" on : if the virtual slide essence is not fixed by disabling.
[ attach ]" schema" cloud: party according to the" Yi" cloud: pie jobI, horse shoe. Horse shoe, plantain. Lu Ji" poem" cloud: the sparse grass good side and cattle trails, therefore, when the front, horse, cattle left in the name of xi. Shoes, shoe also. Wheel, wheel dish name with grass. Guo Pu cloud: Jiangdong called toad clothing. Frogs like hides volt to it, or as a toad, Bufo grass grass. " Materia Medica" cloud map: Spring primary, such as seedling Ye Budi spoon noodles. Meal spoon grass but says young grass appearance. Pig ear grass, bugloss, are similar to a named.
[ ] the paper 1" don't record" : the front, is really Ping Ze hilly rice road, adopted in May 5th, dry in the shade. 2" materia medica by annotations": people and many roadside. " Han Poetry" and said all Yi wood like Lee, food actually to generations, this is absurd and. 3" Chinese Materia Medica": how to map May July August, Miao mining, mining. One home in nursery or kind, Shu is still. Beiren take root, stem, as of sell, very wrong with. On" poetry" by Zhou cloud: tsetse pie Yi. " Ya" Yun Pieyi, Ma Xi; Ma Xi, plantain. Guo Puyun: now the plantain leaves, power, long spike. Good road, Jiangdong people called toad clothing. 4" Materia Medica": the wheel dish, famine relief cluster center fling Ting three or four stems, long spike as a mouse tail. The flower is very dense, green, slightly red. As strong as the tansymustard seed, black and red, born Road, mining tender leaf, Ye cooked, flooding to saliva, Amoy net, salt transfer food. 5:" schema" Wang Min" recorded" mountain home, a front cutting seedling feed method is used, people often think vegetables do. This savage and foraging. 6" plant is in" : the front, the" top". " Ya": all Yi, horse shoe; Ma Xi, plantain. Interpretation of" poetry" or thought to meet, or thought is, all rumors Division said, no no. " Yizhoushu" as" Han Tao Fu Yi;" that is the food, like Li Ke, say this. Ancient and modern vegetation, homonyms, synonyms, He Ke and Guo note" Ya", save the old saying, which is division one. " Materia Medica" that the ring was dish, to pray for rain:" Ya" agricultural mortar: all Yi, horse shoes, plantain. Prior knowledge."," said Han poetry thought Ze Xi why? Han Qin commitments should cover, Shuqueyoujian, scholars stand division says, Kouerxiangcheng, although he has not always easy solutions,, wish to have. Wang Anshi have the means new, cannot pass, then that is easily said to solve, but only in the end, that can not be used, but not as country classics. The name of three feet in front of, the boy knows. In that the toad leaves, namely toad clothing sound also. His dialect, its name still accounted for.
[ ]: clinical application of plantain Plantago on 1 000G, the amount of sugar. The plantain herb decocting two times, Decoction and filtration, condensed into 2: 1, 2 times volume ethanol precipitation, filtration, ethanol recovery, condensing into a thick paste, cooling after adding the prepared white sugar powder, mixing, have 16 heads sieve pellets, drying packaging, each packet is equivalent to 20g raw. Function of clearing heat and removing dampness. For acute icteric hepatitis. Oral, 1 bag each time, twice daily 1-2. ( Beijing medical school" Chinese Herbal Medicine Casebook" 1971). For liver hot red eye, sore throat, mumps, erysipelas, carbuncle swollen sore and other diseases, internal and external, but mainly to external. Such as treatment of erysipelas, with motherwort, gentian Daolan topical; accompanied by constipation, with honey or rhubarb decoction. In addition, plantain and treating phlegm heat cough, hypertension, nephritis seen urinating short Chek disadvantaged and gouty arthritis.
Excerpts from" Chinese Materia Medica" [ ]
http://chinese-herbal-medicines-directory.blogspot.com/