Alangium root

[Source] from the "new Materia Medica"

[Pinyin] Bā Jiǎo Fēnɡ Gēn

【English name】 Chinese Alangium Root, Root of Chinese Azalea

[Alias] White Dragon to be, of platinum, white ribs

[Source]
Medicine-based source: alangium melon plants alangium and root wood, fibrous roots and root bark.
Latin name of plant and animal fossil: 1.Alangium chinenese (Lour.) Harms [Stylidium chinense Lour.] 2.Alangium Platanifolium (Sieb. Et Zucc.) Harms [Marlea platanifolia Sieb. Et Zucc.]
Harvesting and storage: throughout the year can be taken, or fibrous root digging sticks, washed and dried.

[Original form] deciduous trees or shrubs, the high 3-5m. Branchlets slightly zigzag, purple green shoots; buds conical, born within the petiole base. Leaves alternate; petiole length 2.5-3.5cm; leaf paper, nearly round or oval-shaped, oval, sharp or printed on the top tip, base wide or plant-shaped wedge, thin heart-shaped, asymmetry, long 13 - 19 (-26) cm, width 9-15 (-22) cm, not split or 3-7 (-9) lobed, lobes short sharp or blunt tip, leaves glabrous above, below vein axillary plexiform hair, basal veins 3-5 (-7), as palmate, lateral veins 3-5 pairs. Cymes axillary, with 7-30 (-50) flowers, pedicels 5-15mm; small bracts linear or lanceolate, often caducous; corolla cylindrical, long 1-1.5cm; calyx tip divided into 6 -8 pieces of the dentate sepals; petals 6-8, linear, 1-1.5cm, first white, later become yellow, Department of Basic bonding, the upper part of flowering Zheng; stamens and petals with the number and nearly as long; faceplate nearly spherical ' ovary 2 rooms, stigma head-like, often 2-4 split. Drupe oval, about 5-7mm, diameter 5-8mm, apex accommodation deposit of calyx teeth and chrysanthemum seeds 1. Flowering from May to July and September-October, the fruit from July to October. The difference between species and alangium as: leaves nearly round, 3-5 does not split or crack, crack 7 thin, petiole 3.5-5cm; flowers composed of 1-7 flowers axillary cymes, petals long 2.5-3.5 cm; drugs such as silk and anther length; oval stone long, long 8-12mm. Flowering from March to July, the fruit from July to September.

[Habitat distribution]
Environment: Born in elevation of 1800m below the mountain or woodland. Born in elevation of 2000m below the slopes or woodland.
Resource Distribution: in the East, South, and Shaanxi, Gansu, Taiwan, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Tibet. Located in the east, southwest, and Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Taiwan, Henan, Hubei and other places

[Cultivation]
Biological characteristics like warm and humid climate, with soil deep, fertile and well drained sandy loam planting appropriate.
Seed propagation and cultivation techniques ramet reproduction. Seed propagation: February-March planting in the south of the Yangtze River, Yellow River in the April-May planting, spacing 30cm open by shallow drilling, the amount of the first 1hm2 with the kind of 75-90kg, 1cm or casing after sowing covered with ash, emergence after successive thinning to maintain spacing 7-10cm. When the height 80-90cm, it can Chupu transplanting, after the leaves in the winter or spring before germination of the lifter with soil planting, row spacing 2.5m × 2m. Division propagation: digging in the winter or spring tiller seedlings planted trees.
After transplanting, field management, should be combined with cultivating, weeding, manure and chemical fertilizer applied. Winter has drooping branches and cut too close branches.

[Character]
Identification of the fine traits of milk products were cylindrical, slightly bent into a wavy, short eleven known, the elderly up to more than 1m in diameter 2-8mm, with numerous slender branches and roots to be like or residues. Surface greyish yellow to brown, cork longitudinal, sometimes peeling. Hard and brittle, folded Huang surface uneven, yellow-white, pink. Gas micro-, tasteless.
Microscopic identification of the root cross-section: cork cork out for more than 10 cells, cortical narrow, sometimes stone cells. Foreign Words associated with phloem fiber stone cells. Phloem fibers associated with the foreign country group of stone cells and stone cells, oval, round; fiber polygonal, walls very thick, laminated clear, cell-dot-like. Phloem groups on a single fiber or fiber bundle. Cambium into the ring, xylem single hash or groups of 3-5, 3-4 prototype primary xylem, wood rays wide and 2 - a few rows of cells, cells with diameter 25-30μm of calcium oxalate crystals. This product contains more starch grains in parenchyma cells, some containing clusters of calcium oxalate crystals to phloem rays and more.

[Chemical composition]
From alangium dried roots, stems, branches in the share of sub-base acuminata (venoterpine) and racemic drug Lai base (dl-anbasine) [1], which contains a β-amyrin acetate has (β-amyrin acetate), triacontanol (triacontanol), β-sitosterol (β-sitosterol) [2].
Dry wood from melon roots, stems, branches in the hair was acuminata funding base (venoterpine) and racemic drug Lai base (dl-anabasine) 2 alkaloids [1].

Pharmacological effects
1 muscle relaxation and analgesia: fibrous roots from alangium raised total alkaloids, rabbits, rats, mice and dogs can cause muscle relaxation; compared with succinylcholine, the role of a slower, duration slightly longer. Intravenous injection, produces muscle relaxation in the former, there is the phenomenon of transient muscle tremor, similar to succinylcholine and other depolarizing type of muscle relaxant. Intravenous injection can significantly block the sciatic nerve in anesthetized rats electrical stimulation of the peripheral end of the gastrocnemius muscle contraction caused by mice after intraperitoneal injection of decoction, in addition to causing muscle relaxation, but can still make the pain disappear response (hot plate). The medicinal parts, with the strongest fibrous roots, strong roots about three times smaller, strong coarse roots about five times. Muscle relaxation of the active ingredients mainly alkaloids; glycosides few no effect. Alangium and tranquility (ammonia Jiabing ester) in rabbits and dogs limbs combination allows full muscle relaxation, loss of righting reflex, and when the two drugs alone can not righting reflex, indicating a synergistic effect between the two. Fibrous root decoction 5g/kg intraperitoneal or intramuscular injection of the dog, causing the limbs bowed to the ground within half an hour, head and other striated muscle relaxation is not flattering, but the dog is still awake; intravenous alangium alkaloids 1.5mg/kg, immediately aroused dog muscle relaxation, and limbs bowed to the ground can not crawl. Alangium alkaloids to the minimum lethal dose intravenous injection of rabbits (when observed with artificial respiration) were 2.47mg/kg and 5.65mg/kg, compared with succinylcholine, muscle relaxation, although weak but security is high . Rabbit nutation and limbs limp and no respiratory depression as an indicator alangium alkali intravenous muscle relaxant minimum amount 1.18 ± 0.092mg/kg, respiratory paralysis minimum amount of 1.47 ± 0.13mg/kg; experiments in isolated rat diaphragm prove alangium alkali site is blocking the neuromuscular junction conduction; role model type began to depolarization block, and then into a non-depolarizing type, seem to be bipolar muscle relaxants. Alangium alkali-induced respiratory depression neostigmine can not fight, and respiratory stimulant toad force against the Soviet Union a significant role. Isolated rabbit intestine and uterus are excited about the role of the contraction increased.
(2) the role of contraception: oral alangium mice 4-6 ethanol extract of the future, with a clear anti-early pregnancy, anti-implantation effect.
3 of cardiac, smooth muscle: alangium fibrous root decoction or alkaloids on the isolated toad heart, in vitro or in vivo rabbit heart, the general had no significant effect, but the high dose inhibition. Can still make the total alkaloids isolated rabbit intestinal rhythmic contractions increased, and therefore can not lead to clinical application of intestinal paralysis. Isolated rabbit uterus has to shrink to strengthen.
4, the heart, blood pressure and respiration: rabbit intravenous fibrous roots decoction 1.25-1.5g/kg, or alangium alkaloids 5-6mg/kg, can cause respiratory depression and even gradually stopped, then cut open the chest can be seen cardiac atrioventricular block, in respiratory arrest, the heart can be maintained for half an hour or so. Anesthetized rabbits intravenous alangium alkaloids 1-1.8mg/kg, breathing a brief excitement, respiratory rate increase, then a brief decline in blood pressure; when the dose of 2mg/kg, then weaken or even stop breathing slows, blood pressure gradually decreased, if artificial respiration, blood pressure is still rising.

Toxicology
Alangium alkaloids on the rabbit and the smallest minimum lethal dose of muscle relaxant and 5.65, respectively, 2.47mg/kg, both the ratio of 2.28:1, 1.5:1, compared with succinylcholine. This product, although muscle relaxation strength weaker than the latter, but the broader security. Anesthetized rabbits or dogs intravenous alangium alkaloids, will enable the breathing short period of excitement, increase the dose if breathing stops, breathing excitement, the rabbit blood pressure, the dog blood pressure, such as artificial respiration, the respiratory arrest caused by the dose of little effect on blood pressure and heart rate. Cat intravenous acid alcohol extract 0.1g/kg, blood pressure decreased significantly, lethal dose of approximately 4g/kg, moderate doses can cause hematuria, adrenal hemorrhage, and muscle tremors. Large doses can increase the secretion of saliva, it must be taken in combination with ether. Radish Seed folklore that can save alangium poisoning, but in animal studies, Radish, atropine, nikethamide, back to Su Ling and neostigmine were not rescued alangium acute poisoning respiratory depression at this time must use artificial respiration to save it. Rabbit daily intravenous alangium alkaloids 1.9mg / kg or oral fibrous root decoction of 10 g / kg, a total of 15, on body weight, no significant effect on ECG, WBC seems to be increased; methyl bromide phthalate sodium oral group retention rate seems have increased; phenol methyl phthalate excretion had no significant effect. Autopsy intravenous group had mild focal inflammation of the kidneys, no other specific findings. The same plant in India alangium (Alangiumlamarckii) roots, bark, including alangium alkali (Alangine) have to be parasympathetic-like effect.
Subacute toxicity: intravenous injection to rabbits alangium alkaloids 1.9mg/kg, or fibrous root decoction 10g/kg gavage, even to 15, the results fed group after treatment in most animals, BSP retention rate increased, have an impact on liver function. Intravenous group of animals, mild focal inflammation of the kidneys, liver, two groups of animals had mild steatosis, or mild inflammation, or focal necrosis.

[Identification] (1) of this product meal 5g, about 1% hydrochloric acid 30ml, heated water bath for 20 minutes, filtration. Filtrate 3ml, sub-put two tubes in a test solution of potassium iodine 2-3 drops of bismuth, which has orange-red precipitate occurred; the other tube add 2-3 drops of silicon acid test solution, which produce white precipitate. (Check the alkaloids) (2) take the filtrate 2ml, Shenzhen Special Economic Zone with 1% sodium hydroxide to adjust the Ph 9-10, with 2ml chloroform extraction, chloroform absorb liquid 1ml, evaporating dish add 2,4 - crystallization of a small amount of nitro-chlorobenzene, naturally evaporated to dryness, the hydrogenation of 3-4 drops of liquid potassium has alcohol, which was purple, and the number of books disappear. (Check the pyridine ring) (3) TLC take alangium root powder 5g, 0.5% sodium hydroxide to adjust the Ph 8-9, add 50ml of chloroform reflux 30min, concentrated chloroform solution to dryness, the residue with 1% hydrochloric acid, evaporated, add about 5ml of chloroform for spotting purposes. Hydrochloride alangium base as the control. Point on silica gel G plate with chlorine in mind - methanol (1:1) as the agent. Exhibition from 8cm. Hungry potassium iodide test solution with improved color. Sample and reference substance was in a position corresponding to orange-red spots.

[Taste] Weixin; bitter; of tepid; small drug

】 【Go through the liver; kidney; Heart Sutra

【Indications】 Qufengchushi; Shujin; Sanyu pain. Main Fengshibitong; numbness; bruises

Dosage Oral: Jian Tang, fibrous roots 1-3g, the root 3-6g; or soaked in wine. Topical: the amount, trace deposited or decoction to wash.

[Note] pregnant women, children and the elderly and frail patients are not taking. After taking this drug should avoid fish. The drugs are highly toxic and paralysis effects, medication, paralysis Wei Ruan, during pregnancy.

[Square] with 1 rheumatism numbness: Platinum bar, two money-fifth of male, female one fifth of the money. Paojiu sixty-two. Each medication wine five money. 2 rheumatism numbness paralysis: I. platinum para 2 of the money, red living Masan money Bergenin one or two. Stew to eat. II. White Dragon to be a money, wild vegetables four money, pork catty. The drug chopped stew, once served. (After serving twelve hours sweating numbness, weakness in limbs.) 3. Rule Crane knee Wind: Platinum section five of the money, loose money, section three, red, white Achyranthes all three money. Chopped, plus a pound soaking liquor. Every five money taking wine, dressed in uniforms. 4 injured workers back pain treatment: platinum para 2 of the money, Achyranthes (Cuchao) a couple of students Eucommia one or two. Drinks each six two decoction. 5 rule hemiplegia: Platinum fifth of a penny. Steamed food. (1 side the following a "civil Guiyang herb") 6. Governance bruises: alangium dry root second money, the root bark of five Glochidion money, Acanthopanax one or two. Paojiu service. ("Guizhou herbs") 7. Treatment of epistaxis: platinum para 2 of the money. Decoction. ("Guizhou civil Recipe collection")

[1] each discussed. "Materia Medica from the new": Fatsia, Meng defended its gas can be opened congestion, pain cream ('pour' one for 'Ma') stand only, virtual people be careful. Tree High School, three feet, like smelly Indus and star anise leaves, thin autumn and white flowers cluster. Wind paralysis cure poison, bleeding to stop playing flutter plot. 2. "Vegetation would side": casual style. Waist and knee muscles in the wet treatment and phlegm stagnation knot stasis coagulation, distention, or flutter blood product. 3. "Checklist Supplements": wooden octagonal, wood High School, three feet, such as Hibiscus leaves, star anise has Mans, near the pedicle at its red leaves were good. Fatsia has two kinds of vegetation, tree, its leaves looked sharp corners, such as disk-like, dorsal color yellow, twenty gold plate. Herbal who leaves no sharp corners Yang, dorsal is not yellow, a slight difference. The fierce heat potency, toxic, Tsui taste hemp, although people should be matched using less sturdy, eye drops, the bogey Anabaena, pigs, sheep, cattle, horses and other meat, is guilty of mania, but the white radish solvable, near the root bark into medicine, wine decoction, take the sweat Jiyu. The weak force, made war for the spit, disease is also more. "Classification of herbs": lumbago, rheumatism go numb, stop vomiting, to rid of malaria, pain in bones, bruises. 4. "Nanning Drug Chi": Washing Deficiency edema. 5. "Guiyang folk herb": alangium, platinum of the root name, name of White Dragon to be fibrous. White Dragon can not be more than one time money, platinum can not be more than two of every money. Such as multi-poisoning, with radish son (II two) Jianshui service can answer it.

[Clinical]
1 used as muscle relaxants and experimental studies based on clinical practice, alangium obvious striated muscle relaxation and some analgesic effect. Anesthesia in the use of acupuncture anesthesia and surgery in Chinese herbal medicine, such as muscle relaxation is not satisfied, can be added with alangium, muscle relaxation is quite satisfactory, surgery can proceed smoothly. For the blocking of the entire complex fractures, pediatric hernia repair surgery and other body surface is relatively simple surgery can also be used alone as an analgesic anesthetic alangium, but the pain may not completely. Alangium has been applied to abdominal surgery, orthopedics, pediatric surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, urology and other surgical total of 900 cases, muscle relaxation success rate was 97.9%. One of the oldest patient 63 years old, the youngest only 15. Usage: oral method: alangium fibrous roots 3-5 money, add water to 150ml, boiling for 20-30 minutes, after half an hour before oral surgery. Mainly used for minor surgery, surgery plus a small amount of skin incision under local anesthesia. Intramuscular injection: alangium injection (crude product) by 0.4-0.5 g / kg body weight (crude drug) intramuscular injection 20-30 minutes before surgery. Intravenous drip: alangium injection (each ml containing alkaloids 5mg), by 0.8-1; omg / kg body weight, the maximum amount of not more than 1.2mg / kg body weight, preoperative intravenous infusion of 5-10 minutes, After 5-10 minutes, drop in 3-5 minutes after the produce muscle relaxation. Alangium with traditional Chinese medicine such as anesthesia, the dose may be lower Yangjinhua; such as with acupuncture anesthesia, acupuncture or ear acupuncture can be used to induce the body; the case of pediatric surgery, anesthesia required basis. It was observed that alangium dose of muscle relaxant commonly used have little effect on the heart. Between acute poisoning, primarily respiratory depression, if you can save time for artificial respiration. 15 continuous medication slight effect on the liver. If the application alangium of muscle relaxation during surgery are still not satisfied with may be related to poor analgesic used for anesthesia.
2 to alangium anesthesia for gynecological surgery as an anesthetic (including sterilization, hysterectomy, ectopic pregnancy, surgery, ovarian cyst removal, etc.) total 111 cases, total effective rate was 96.4%. One good effect (before surgery, surgery without medication, the incision line using a small amount of procaine, the patient does not Hantong, muscle relaxation is equivalent to general anesthesia, two, three) of 30 cases, effective (the basis of preoperative plus non-narcotic like pethidine Flanagan, incision line with 0.5-1% procaine were within the 10-30ml) in 77 cases, 4 cases. Consumption usage: dry alangium roots, generally smaller surgical sterilization 5, ovarian cyst removal surgery with 2-3 other large money; water immersion to the drug (about 100ml), set to open water bath pot stew half an hour, to the residue serving juice, 30-45 minutes after the service began operation. Conscious patient during anesthesia, surgery patients breathing, pulse, blood pressure and no significant preoperative differences in postoperative patients back on their own ward. The following factors alangium have a major impact the success of anesthesia: medication and surgery time interval is too short, incomplete absorption; stew when drugs turn on the water too much, not enough concentration concoction.
3. Alangium treatment of heart failure with dry roots (including fibrous roots, fine roots and coarse roots) 1 kg chopped, add water, 2000ml, 1600ml slow fire fry when filters to Java, then add white honey money with fry boil 5 (per 10ml liquid about crude drug 3.3g), with a cold reserve. Each liquid preparation should be used within 2-3 days. 3 times a day, every 10-20ml (crude drug equivalent 3.3-6.6g) orally, according to clinical observation, the product of significant cardiac effects, the same bit rhythm side effects, can slow down the heart rate of rheumatic active is also effective, can rheumatism patient atrial premature beats disappeared, and a degree atrioventricular block to normal, and can improve the clinical manifestations of rheumatism.
4. The treatment of chronic rheumatoid arthritis using alangium injection, syrup and tincture, a total of 62 patients with chronic rheumatoid arthritis patients, clinical cure (joint pain disappeared, no relapse within six months) in 11 cases, effective (significantly reduced joint pain) 18 cases improved (joint pain relief) in 24 cases, 9 cases. Dosage and usage: alangium injection 2ml each crude drug containing 4g, intramuscular injection every 2-4ml, 1-2 times daily. 50% of the octagonal maple syrup, each serving 20-30ml, 2-3 times daily doses. Alangium tincture, washed with alangium chopped dried root, 1:3 ratio, into the liquor soak for 20 days, stirring once every other day, confined, to the dregs filter, the supernatant, each 10ml, served on the 2-3 times.

[Excerpt] "Chinese Materia Medica"

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