Almond kernel

[Source] from the "outline."

[Pinyin] Bā Dàn Xìnɡ Rén

[English name] Sweet Almond

[Alias] Badan benevolence, Bada almonds, Bada almonds, almond, peach side, woman light the tree, partial walnut, peach plaque, suddenly deer Ma, Jing Xing.

[Source]
Medicine-based source: Rosaceae almond seeds.
Latin name of plant and animal fossil: Amygdalus persica L. [prunus persica (L.) Batsch.]
Harvesting and storage: the fruit is ripe when received, remove the flesh and shell, take the seeds and dried.

[Original form] Almond deciduous tree or shrub, up to 2-8m. Branches upright or flat, with the majority of spur-year old branches brown, perennial branches brown to dark gray. Annual vine leaves alternate, often clustered leaves on the spur; petiole 1-2.5cm, the petiole at the leaf base and often with 2-4 glands; leaves lanceolate or oval-lanceolate, long 3 - 9cm, width 1-2.5cm, apex acute to shortly acuminate, base broadly cuneate to rounded, blunt edge of a shallow jagged. Flowers bisexual; Flowers solitary, open before the leaves; calyx tube cylindrical; sepals 5, oblong to wide width lanceolate, margin pilose; petals 5, oblong, 1.5-2cm, apex obtuse or emarginate, base gradually narrow into a claw, white to pink. Stamens many, length; Style longer than stamens, the ovary densely villous hair. Fruit oval oblique ovate or circular, flat, long 3-4.3cm, diameter of 2-3cm, outside densely pubescent; flesh thin, mature cracking; nuclear ovate, broadly elliptical, asymmetry, surface a honeycomb-like cavities. Flowering from March to April, the fruit from July to August.

[Habitat distribution]
Environment: Born in the mountains above sea level down to the sea than in the dry gravel slopes.
Resource Distribution: Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang and other places a small amount of cultivation.

[Character]
Bitter almond character identification herbs sweet almond Ren Ren. Bitter almond kernel Chengbian long oval, length 1.5-2.8cm, width 1.3cm, thickness 7-8mm. Kinds of thin, brown, the top seed a little tip, more rounded bottom, while the side is thinner, while the other side of the thick, round, round edges at the top at a linear hilum, chalazal and spinal significantly to flooding peeled visible white cotyledons 2. Bitter.
Sweet almond and bitter almond Jen Jen similar. Seeds slightly larger than the former, long 2.2-3.5cm, width 1.5cm, thickness 8mm, red-brown seed coat, top with linear umbilical point, the bottom points together, the majority of vascular separation by a point, to cutting-edge distribution, the formation of dark texture; gas micro, taste slightly sweet.
Microscopic identification powder characteristics: pale yellow. ① yellow stone cells, mostly oblong, large cavity, a hole pattern length 60-120μm. ② cotyledon cells, round or polygonal, containing a number of protein and oil droplets. ③ blastopore cells rectangular or polygonal, thicker-walled, containing oil droplets and granular protein particles.

[Chemical composition]
Almond seeds contain amygdalin (amygdalin) in the immature fruit contains up to 20-52mg/100g wet weight. Mature fruit is slightly lower 13.5-18.6mg/100g wet weight. Leaves of amygdalin content in immature fruit when 47-52mg/100g wet weight, when fully mature fruit 29-33mg/100g wet weight. Also water-Soviet sugar (stachyose), raffinose (raffinose), sucrose (sucrose), almond globulin (amandin), aspartate (aspartic acid), glutamate (glutamic acid), glycine (glycine), C acid (alanine), leucine (lencine) and so on. Almonds also contain fatty oil, containing oleic acid (oleic acid) 80% -84%, linoleic acid (linoleic acid) 15% -20%, and myristic acid (myristic acid), palmitic acid (palmitic acid), stearic acid (stearic acid).
Sweet almond and bitter almond seed composition and seed almond seeds contain the same ingredients. Seed and sweet almond bitter almond seeds contain amygdalin difference is that oil content and different. Bitter almond seeds contain amygdalin 2.4%, the oil content of 35.5% -62.5% (average 51.5%). The sweet almond seeds contain only 0.1%, even without amygdalin, while the oil capacity of 45% -67% (average of 59%).

Pharmacological effects
1 The role of the circulatory system peach extract 2ml 500% immediate increase in intravenous anesthesia 112.8% rabbit cerebral blood flow, cerebral vascular resistance decreased 57.2%. Walnuts can significantly increase the dog femoral artery blood flow and reduce vascular resistance. On isolated rabbit ear blood vessels can significantly increase the flow of perfusate, and can eliminate norepinephrine vasoconstriction. Peach extract 50mg/ml, enable administration of anesthesia within the splenic artery in rat liver microcirculation blood flow acceleration, and dose-related, suggesting that the surface of the liver microcirculation has some improvement.
2. Anticoagulant effect and antithrombotic mountain peach 1g/ml decoction by 0.2g/10g body weight to mice fed once daily, continuous 10-11d, can significantly prolong the clotting time in mice. Mountain peach 1g/ml decoction 2.5ml/kg to rabbits fed daily consecutive 7-8d, the bleeding time and clotting time was significantly prolonged, can completely inhibit clot contraction. Anti-clotting effect of the active ingredient has proved to be glycerol trioleate (triolein) .1g/ml mountain peach decoction 2.57ml/kg fed twice daily, continuous 3-4d, of the carotid artery - fresh outside venous flow bypass surgery anesthesia cock experimental in vitro significantly inhibited thrombus formation, inhibition of the average rate of 18% (14% -22%). Fibrin to prove, peach kernel decoction with a role in promoting fibrinolysis, while the color of peptide-based method has not been seen for the role, which may be its role in the fibrin clot, increasing the dissolved, rather than the protease activity of the fiber rise. Adrenaline to stimulate the formation of ice water, blood stasis model rats showed a high viscosity state, with peach experimental treatment, female rats can be seen the whole blood viscosity at low shear rate decreased, the red blood cell deformability and fibrinogen the impact of such content is not obvious.
3 anti-inflammatory effects of a variety of peach kernel extract anti-inflammatory screening test and found that the water does not extract with strong anti-rat carrageenan paw edema of the role, and 2 was isolated from the protein components : PR-A and PR-B. PR-A in 0.5-2.5mg/kg range, PR-B within the 0.1-5mg/kg intravenously in a dose-dependent positive effect, and 4mg/kg 80mg/kg indomethacin or aspirin Lin gavage similar or stronger effect. PR-B anti-enzyme activities confirmed that its anti-inflammatory mechanism of the inflammatory chemical mediators bradykinin inhibition, that protease inhibitor-like effect. PR-B caused by obstruction kallikrein bradykinin free hinder protease activity. Peach decoction 300mg / (kg · d) orally, felt-pellet in rats induced a significant inhibition of granuloma formation. Peach chloroform extract by oral administration, granuloma formation in mice is also inhibited. Back into the rat carrageenan granuloma formation, with peach extract 800mg / (kg · d) were measured after administration of 4d the amount of exudate within the granuloma and exudate prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels, The inhibition rate was 35%. Mountain peach 5.084g/kg fed a total of 4d egg white-induced arthritis in rats showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect. Peach kernel extract on in vitro cell culture of fibroblast cell growth inhibition, be used for experimental scleral flap trabeculectomy rabbit animal model and found that it can inhibit the inflammatory cells and fibroblast proliferation role.
4 anti-allergy effect peach kernel water extract can inhibit the serum antibodies in skin allergy and Xishu hemolytic spleen cells produce, the ethanol extract orally to mice with skin allergy caused by serum antibodies against passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA reaction) the amount of pigment leakage.
5 Other effects of walnuts contains 45% fatty oil, lubricates intestines, help defecation. Peach kernel contain amygdalin, a antitussive effect. Peach decoction with a uterine contraction, uterine involution and postpartum bleeding help. Oral decoction significant analgesic effect, inhibition of writhing response in mice. Amygdalin on experimental inflammation of the analgesic effect of aminopyrine 1 / 2. Almond oil has the role of de-worming, de-worming effect of pinworm roundworm effect of 80.8% to 70%. PR-B have very strong SOD-like activity, PR-B (10 \ -6-5 × 10 \-5mol / L) in guinea pig peritoneal macrophages inhibit the production of peroxide anion, and with the dose increased and enhanced.
6 toxicity peach decoction of the mice by intraperitoneal injection 3.5g/kg visible muscle relaxation, ataxia, vertical hair and so on. The LD \ 50 to 222.5 ± 7.5g/kg.

Toxicology bitter almond with amygdalin in the nucleolus and almond enzymes, taken orally, the amygdalin hydrolysis can be produced benzaldehyde and hydrocyanic acid, can produce about ordinary 1g almonds hydrocyanic acid 2.5mg. Hydrocyanic acid is highly toxic substances, the human lethal dose of about 0.05g (potassium is about 0.2-0.3g). Benzaldehyde inhibit pepsin digestion, adult clothing almond kernel about 50 to 60, children 7-10 can be fatal, the main cause of death for the organization of suffocation.

[Processing] sorting net crust impurities, micro-cook set in boiling water, remove, immersed in cold water, remove the seed coat, dry, toss the net.

[Taste] bitter, sweet, small drug

】 【Go through the heart, liver, large intestine

【Indications】 blood circulation, laxative. Primary dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea blood stagnation, stasis, postpartum abdominal pain, bruises, bleeding throat, lung pain, intestinal pain, constipation, dry bowel

Dosage Oral: Jian Tang ,6-10g. Use when broken; or into pills, powder. System with the required package cream fried.

[Note]
1. "Materia Medica from the new": a phlegm Convicted of service.
2. "With the interest rate spectrum of home eating": alpine phlegm, spleen intestinal smooth were cut.

[] Discussed various
1. "Drink meal": cough, lower gas consumption confidants against nausea.
2. "Materia Medica Tongxuan": intestines, phlegm.
3. "Materia Medica and then new": eliminate nausea, fluid.
4. "With the interest rate spectrum of home eating": lungs, moistening, stomach, phlegm.

[Excerpt] "Chinese Materia Medica"
http://chinese-herbal-medicines-directory.blogspot.com/