Eucalyptus leaves

[Source] from Lee Seung-hu "pharmacognosy"

[Pinyin] ān Yè

[English name] Leaf of Tasmanian Bluegum

[Alias] eucalyptus leaves, eucalyptus leaves, leaf chinensis fruit

[Source]
Medicine-based source: Myrtaceae plant eucalyptus leaves.
Latin name of plant and animal fossil: Eucalyptus globulus Labill.
Harvesting and storage: year-round mining, usually fresh use; or use made of eucalyptus oil.

[Original form] evergreen tree. Bark gray-blue, peeling off to form; shoots a slight edge. Young leaves opposite; leaves ovate, base heart-shaped, sessile, white powder; growth leaves coriaceous, lanceolate, sickle-long 15-30cm, width of 1-2cm, there are glands on both sides, petiole 1.5 -3cm, slightly flattened. Flowers large, white, diameter about 4cm, solitary or 2-3 in axillary flowers together; no or very short peduncle; calyx tube inverted cone-shaped, length 1cm, width 1.3cm, the surface has four protruding edges and corners and small tumor off processes, is white powder; cap-like body is slightly flat, central part of the cone-like processes, shorter than calyx tube, two layers, outer layer smooth, early fall; stamens many, long 8-13mm, multi-column, filaments slender, was born anther middle, anthers oval, wide ear-shaped slit; ovary and calyx tube Hopson, style long 7-8mm, thick. Hemispherical capsule, four edges, wide 2-2.5cm, flat and wide margin of fruit, fruit flap is not obvious. Fruit in summer and winter.

[Habitat distribution]
Environment: Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, cultivation, often for the trees.
Distribution of resources: origin of Australia.

[Cultivation]
Biological characteristics of the most hi-ray species, like winter without sub-cold, summer heat of the climate, the ability of short-term low temperature -6 ℃. In loose, fertile, moist soil on the acidic or slightly alkaline rapid growth in calcareous purple soil on dry or infertile soils are poor growth.
Cultivation techniques using seed propagation, container seedlings planted. Capsule usually in February, when the micro-crack, pick fruit, seeds a few days after exposure will automatically emerge, hidden gold reserve. 100kg fruit, seeds get 1-1.5kg, choose the soil loose, fertile, well-drained sandy loam for the nursery. Sow or drill, keep the soil temperature after sowing, sowing can be a lot of 7-10d after emergence. Seedlings grow to be 5-8cm, the choice of robust container plants into cultivation, when the height 40-50cm, can be transplanted afforestation. Planting density can be 1m × 2m, 2m, × 2m, 2m × 3m. Afforestation choose the best on cloudy days or rain days.
Field management 1-2 years after planting, the method can be taken to closing off each tillage weeding, combined with top-dressing 1-2 times in the irrigated areas, irrigation during the dry season to the rainy season to pay attention to remove water, which can accelerate the growth of seedlings. Post-harvest management of branches and leaves should be in each after the shallow cultivating, weeding, topdressing composting livestock manure or urea.
Pest control damping-off, poor ventilation and high temperature in hot weather, the baby prone. Seedlings taken by ventilation, drainage Lung temperature measures can reduce the incidence. During the incubation period can be sprayed Dexon 500-800 times or 8:2 ash lime powder. Zhengye insects, damage leaves, foliar spray can be 0.1% trichlorfon.

[Character]
This product was sickle trait identification lanceolate, long 8-30cm, width 2-7cm; leathery and thick; leaf tip side, tip end leaves, leaf base asymmetrical, entire; petiole short, 1-3cm long , flat and torsion. Surface yellow-green, smooth and hairless, with the majority of red-brown cork spot, light perspective, showing numerous small transparent point (oil chamber). Pinnate stockwork, lateral veins on the leaf margin at the end of Keidanren, the formation and leaf margin parallel to veins. Slight rubbing of the aroma and taste slightly bitter and cool.
The leaves large, complete, stems less, no impurities were better.
Microscopic identification of leaf cross-section: rectangular epidermal cells, outside the thick cuticle, are deep under the skin pores. Parts of the upper and lower leaf epidermis cells inside the fence have 2-4 columns, and more obvious to the above; spongy layer of polygonal cells 3-4, during which a large deep oil-generating chamber, diameter 120-260μ, the oil chamber is broken full of pigment material; In addition there are clusters of calcium oxalate crystals in the cells and trigonal. Flat in the main pulse, vascular type for the outer tough; xylem extremely well developed, almost a ring; phloem narrow cells contain cubic or brown material. Vascular bundle surrounded by two layers of pericycle fibers to the wall thickness. Fibers surrounding parenchyma cells contain calcium oxalate crystals, shape crystal fiber. In the vein of the upper and lower epidermis thickness of the inner columns have 5-6 horn cells. Upper and lower lateral veins vascular strong wood can be seen the two side of the fiber bundles, accounting for all the mesophyll tissue, where the Ministry of mesophyll palisade and spongy tissue is no.
Powder characteristics: light green. ① polygonal epidermal cells, the wall is quite thick, very thick cuticle outside. ② Dapi have holes up and down the table, six or more subsidiary cells, deep under the surface. ③ oil room number, diameter 120-260μm; broken cork cells are visible on the inside filling. ④ clusters of calcium oxalate crystals large diameter to 25μm, and well-crystalline, and sometimes the formation of crystal fibers.

Chemical Composition】 【isolated from the leaves of eucalyptus to large fruit aldehyde (macrocarpal) A, B, C, D, E [1], is thirty-three alkyl -16,18 - dione (n-tritriacontane-16 ,18-dione ) [2], leaves and buds contain eucalyptus aldehyde (euglobal) Ⅰ a1, Ⅰ a2, Ⅰ b, Ⅰ c, Ⅱ a, Ⅱ b, Ⅱ c [3], Ⅲ, Ⅳ b, Ⅶ, Ⅴ [5], leaves also contain flavonoids compounds: quercetin (quercetol that quercetin), quercetin glycosides (querictrin), Rutin (rutin), hyperin (hyperoside), quercetin glucoside (quercetol-3-glucoside) [6], and gallic acid (gallic acid), caffeic acid (caffeic acid), ferulic acid (ferulic acid), gentisic acid (gallic acid), protocatechuic acid (protocate-chuic acid) [7]. Leaf wax containing 5,4 - two hydroxy-7 - methoxy-methyl flavone (5,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-6-methylflavone), chrysin (chrysin), Eucalyptus hormone (eucalyptin), 8 - demethyl eucalyptus elements (8-demethyleu-calyptin), and 4,5 - two hydroxy-7 - methoxy-6 ,8 - dimethyl flavone (sideroxylin) [8]. leaves hair oil in the main by with cineole (cineole), while caryophyllene (caryophyllene) [9]. Bark and xylem isolated thirty-three alkyl -16,18 - dione ,3-O-methyl gallic acid did not -4-- rhamnose glycoside (3-O-methylellagic acid-4-rhamnoside), no gallic acid (ellagic acid) and did not gallic tannins (el-lagitannin) D-1, D-2, D-6, D-13 [10].

Pharmacological effects by column chromatography isolated from Eucalyptus, a substance against Gram-positive bacteria are inhibited in vitro of tetanus and diphtheria toxin a detoxification effect. Rabbits after subcutaneous injection of 0.2mg/kg of this material within two weeks, no toxicity. Eucalyptus leaves water extract can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus and paratyphoid bacilli, oxygen consumption and succinate dehydrogenase activity, this inhibition and Gram reaction, but with the liquid concentration. Blue Gum eucalyptus oil made (Oleum Eucalypti) at 6% concentration, in vitro resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv), for more than 10 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis patients (inhalation or tracheal instillation) have a certain effect. Eucalyptus leaves infusion, and eucalyptus oil can be used as an inhalant respiratory diseases, especially upper respiratory tract infections; after oral administration in patients with chronic bronchial expectorant effects, both when taken orally can be inhaled asthma. Eucalyptus oil and eucalyptus leaf infusion can still be used in certain skin diseases, as wounds, ulcers, fistulas flushing agent. Eucalyptus drive hookworm after oral administration role, the convergence of its mild nature of tannic acid, the volatile oil has carminative effect, volatile oil absorbed from the digestive tract, in part by the respiratory excretion. In addition, eucalyptus oil is still used as a deodorant in patients with neuropathic pain drugs, some people think that eucalyptus leaves with a local anesthetic.

Toxicology eucalyptus oil poisoning has been reported in 29 cases, including 7 deaths. Minimum lethal dose is only 3.5ml, but there are 30ml and restored service to those. Symptoms of upper abdominal burning, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, fatigue, or bruising pale skin, cold extremities, pulse rate, lethargy, drowsiness, or delirium, cold Jue. Breath of patients have a strong smell of eucalyptus oil, sustainable 1-2 days, and sometimes urine, feces are also scented. Some sensitive patients the usual dose can also cause dermatitis.

[Taste] Weixin; bitter; cold

】 【Go through the lung; stomach; the spleen; liver

【Indications】 Shufeng solution form; Qingrejiedu; phlegm and qi; insecticide itch. The main cold; fever cough; pertussis; abdominal pain, bloating; diarrhea; dysentery; hook; filariasis; malaria; rheumatism; eczema; scabies; burns; traumatic bleeding

Dosage Oral: Jian Tang ,6-15g. Topical: the amount, fried Washed; powder spread or transfer perfunctory; or deposited or eucalyptus oil coated pound Sassafras.

[Side] ① rule enteritis with diarrhea: eucalyptus leaves, purslane, creeper grass and tea. Jiantang. ② rule joint pain: eucalyptus leaves, fragrant pass, Song Festival, Drynaria. Jiantang. ③ rule cystitis, urinary pain, lower blood: eucalyptus leaves, Shi Wei, Lygodium. Jiantang. (① - ③ side are the "Sichuan Chinese Medicine Chi") ④ cure scabies: eucalyptus leaves fried Washed. ("Yunnan Chinese herbal medicine") ⑤ cure meningitis, influenza, hookworm: eucalyptus leaves three money. Shuijianbi, served on the second. ("Wenshan herbs") ⑥ rule neurodermatitis, carbuncle swollen drugs, leprosy ulcers: eucalyptus leaf amount, Jianshui Washing. ("Wenshan herbs") ⑦ cure mumps, conjunctivitis: eucalyptus leaves three to five money. Decoction. ⑧ treatment of skin eczema: topical Aogao eucalyptus leaves. ⑨ cure burns, trauma, bleeding: sprinkle powdered eucalyptus leaf injury department. (⑦ - ⑨ side are the "Yunnan herbal election")

[Clinical]
1 against measles: by leaves with 50 kg, 350 kg of water, fry 150 pounds. 3 months to 1 year of age, each time a fresh spoon; 2-4 years old eat every 2 spoons; 5 years of age, every 3-4 spoon food; are served three times a day, serving a total of 9 days. Total observed 267 people (including 160 children, a history of exposure), after 2 months, 16 people were rash, history of exposure to occupy 10% of the number, accounting for 6% of the number of susceptible children. Another in the same period observed with placenta powder, syrup 30 people, including 22 into contact with history, taking 3-9 days after the rash has a total of 19 people, occupies 86% of the number of history of exposure, accounting for 63% of the number of susceptible; again with purple grass, licorice root compound decoction of observation of 15 people (11 children with a history of exposure), taking 9 days after the rash were still 10 people, occupies 91% of the number of history of exposure, accounting for 66% of the number susceptible. Eucalyptus leaves so that the prevention of measles may have some effect.
(2) treatment of hookworm disease: Take Yunnan Pu'er county produced eucalyptus leaves, to semi-shade. Every time a city of two, chopped water immersion, and cook for 3 hours, filtered concentrated to 50-60ml. 1 dose before meals, without laxatives. Treatment hookworm patients (7-20 years old students) 206 patients before treatment were found by saline flotation hook eggs; medication review with the law after 15 daily 175, 105 negative results, the reversion rate of 60%. After the individual cases of headache medication and abdominal discomfort, but in the next morning that the line disappears.
3 treatment of bacillary dysentery: The 15% decoction of eucalyptus leaves 70 cases of bacillary dysentery line retention enema once a day, every 100ml. Observations, stool frequency returned to normal an average of 4.7 days, abdominal pain, tenesmus, and pus and blood will be gone an average of 3-4 days. 36 patients were isolated from stool cultures by Shigella Freund, overcast day after treatment, 10 cases, 2 to 5 days in 15 patients 6 to 10 days in 7 cases, 11-17 days in 4 cases. Eucalyptus leaves are applied to 50 shape decoction taken orally, 3 times daily doses, each 40ml, 10 days for treatment; typical treatment of 10 cases of acute dysentery, the average clearance time of 3.3 stool culture days. In addition, the use of eucalyptus leaves washed and dried powder, each 1g, children reduce, served four times, treatment is generally more than 200 cases of diarrhea, all effective. In case of severe abdominal pain and severe, could with the peony, licorice, wood and other pain.
4 TB: 4.1 Oral Law: 50% decoction of eucalyptus leaves each 20-50ml, Japan 3 times, even for 3 months for a course; as well, in general, rest two weeks, then serving a course of treatment. Eucalyptus leaves can be used in children and women syrup (decoction 1000ml, add a single syrup 150-200ml) 20-50ml, Japan 3 times, even for 3 months. Pus-like smell, such as spit or sputum were associated with stomatitis and 10% eucalyptus leaf decoction with mouthwash, you can clean the mouth, relieve mucus smell. Treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in 11 cases, significant progress in 3 cases, the general progress in 6 cases, no change in 2 cases; chronic cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis fibers in 14 cases, significant progress in 1 case, the general progress in 6 cases, no change in 4 cases, 3 cases of deterioration ; the progress of chronic cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis fiber, 9 cases, significant improvement in 1 case, the general progress in 4 cases, no change in 2 cases, worse in 2 cases.
4.2. Tracheal instillation method: 1-2% of eucalyptus oil, each about 10-20ml. Test treatment in 10 cases, the main symptoms after treatment to reduce or disappear rapidly, sputum negative, empty and gradually reduced after 1-2 months that tend to close.
4.3. Cigarette-style inhalation method: using a regular cigarette holder (no chemical system), place a small amount of cotton, eucalyptus oil will drop in cotton, can be inhaled (no ignition). Each drug 0.5-1ml (pure eucalyptus oil), daily inhalation of 3-4 times, each time for about 10 minutes, inhaling the liquid must not touch the mouth, so as not to stimulate the oral mucosa.
4.4 inhalation method: Each 5ml, day 1.
5 treatment of burns: 5.1 external: eucalyptus leaf decoction with 50% (adding 20% ​​glycerol and 1-2% benzophenone fermentation) or spray coating on the wound. Press aseptic debridement, followed by infusion with sterile cotton balls dipped in uniform coating, or spray with a sprayer to all wounds. Healthy skin planing surface coated with four weeks to 0.1% thimerosal tincture or 75% alcohol. Exposure therapy, such as the use of the wound (or part of the exposure), then every 6-8 hours in the exposed wound dressing (or spray gel) 1, all the wounds to dry, scab, scab-free under the epithelium of the infection and the beginning or the scab off on their own so far. For the perineum and around the burn patients, are used exposure method, in addition to topical eucalyptus leaves decoction, as at each toilet are 10% of the eucalyptus leaves after washing perineum decoction, to keep local cleanliness.
5.2 Oral: All patients without shock or no gastrointestinal dysfunction, 50% eucalyptus leaves can be taken orally decoction of 10-20ml, 3-4 times daily. Severe burn patients, both in oral decoction of eucalyptus leaves, should be given to other antibiotics. Ⅱ degree burns on an area of ​​less than 20% of adult patients, such as treatment by early debridement, only you can give eucalyptus leaf decoction orally; service to the wound epithelium of all so far, which normally takes 5-10 said. Ⅲ degree burn depends on the patient's systemic and local progression of the disease may be. 20 patients were treated burns, burns from 10-82%; burn depth is generally shallow or deep Ⅱ Ⅱ degree degree, of which 6 cases Ⅲ degree burns. Cured by the treatment of 19 cases, 1 case of shock or other serious complications. Only 1 case Ⅲ degree burns over 82% of those who died of Pseudomonas sepsis. Ⅱ degree wounds were observed to use eucalyptus leaves decoction, usually 2-3 days to stop leaking, quickly drying the wound healing time than non-infected under natural conditions, the average time to healing faster. If no serious infection, healing without leaving scars.
6 for surgical sterilization, anti-infection: topical: 25% or 10% eucalyptus leaves eucalyptus oil emulsion lotion, wash the wound can be a substitute for salt and nitrofurazone solution; for stitches around the wound disinfection and disinfection instead of iodine wine, alcohol. Mixed infection of the wound dressing for 130 patients to make secretions decrease, disappear, and to promote wound healing; Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in the wound dressing 13 cases, after the 1st green purulent discharge dressing is significantly reduced, light 3-4 times, 2-8 times continuous weight, green purulent discharge disappeared, culture negative. Sterile incision stitches for 173 cases with 2 cases of secondary infection, according to analysis with the surgery itself. Eucalyptus leaves boiled with 20% solution or 20% of eucalyptus leaves 75% alcohol instead of distilled liquid for injection skin disinfection, a total of nearly 20 million people applied, did not find one case of skin infections. There are eucalyptus leaves decoction with 15% of the topical treatment of deep abscess (8 cases), various types of wound infections (36 cases), acute diffuse peritonitis (2 cases), acute cellulitis (3 cases), lip carbuncle (n = 1 ), traumatic wound (3 cases), have received a certain effect.
7 treatment of fungal vaginitis: the first with a 0.5% solution, rinse the vagina eucalyptus leaves, and then plug the cable eucalyptus liquid cotton tie, pull on their own after 12 hours, 1 day, 6 days for treatment. Such as genital itching or eczema, can be used eucalyptus oil ointment Waicha. 72 patients were observed by l-3 treatment, cured 69 cases, 3 cases of recurrence in 8 cases.
8 treatment of acute tonsillitis: dried and fresh eucalyptus leaves to take two 1.5, add water 500ml, with a warm fire Jianzhi 250-300ml (1 1st volume), filtered four times a service. Treatment of 24 cases (including acute lacunar tonsillitis, 9 cases of peritonsillar abscess in 3 cases), after taking the local inflammation, white blood cell count are the main symptoms and return to normal in 2-7 days.

[Excerpt] "Chinese Materia Medica"

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