Dried mushrooms

[ ] Pinyin name Dō n G ū
[ alias ] Flammulina, money, house money bacteria, bacteria, mushroom, frozen mushroom Park winter mushroom, Flammulina, long summer
[ source ]
Medicine medium source: white mushroom fungus mushroom fruiting branch.
Latin animal mineral name: Flammulina velutips ( Curt.ex Fr ) Sing.[Agaricus velutipes Curt.; Collybia velutipes ( Curt.ex Fr. ) Quel.]
Harvest and storage: when the stipe length up to 13-15cm, pileus diameter0.5-1.5cm could be harvested, dried after harvest spare.
[ ] the original morphology of fleshy, wide 2-7cm. Flat half spherical, after gradually spreading, often irregular; cover very sticky when wet, yellowish brown or yellow-brown, mid deep cinnamon, edge creamy yellow, glabrous, smooth; cover margin early involution, after wavy or upwards. Bacterium flesh thick, white or slightly yellow, delicious. Gill campylotropous, close to the slightly thin, width, length, white to milky white or slightly yellow. The stipe is long5-8cm, thick5-8mm, cylindrical, toughness, brittle bone within the epidermis, fibers, soft base tends to elongate like rhizoids and close to the top, yellow, downward densely brown to dark brown velutinous. Spore print white. Vesicular body small, scattered, fusiform to stick, (40-55)μ m ×(10-12)μ M.
[ ] habitat distribution
Ecological environment: in broad-leaved tree withered, fallen trees and stumps.
Resource distribution: distribution in the northeast, North China, northwest and Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Henan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet and other places.
[ ] cultivation
1biological characteristics of mushroom belonging to the low temperature type wood rot fungi. Hyphae in 3-34 ℃can grow to 23 ℃, the optimum temperature; fruiting body in 5-20 ℃can form, but 8-14℃. Culture chamber air relative humidity 85%-95%, is conducive to the entity the differentiation and growth of. Light, no light, red light can produce fruiting bodies, but with a weaker scattering light processing, is the small, elongated, the quality is good. PH5.5-6.5 is appropriate.
2cultivation technology of mushroom in the artificial control of temperature and humidity and illumination conditions, in a specially built mushroom house, perennial plant production, also can use the natural conditions in the general cultivation of mushroom house. Southern General every year in November to next April, the north in the late summer early winter and late winter to early summer season production by low temperature. Production process : the general potato glucose agar, and the preparation of a PDA medium level tube mother, to use broad leaved tree sawdust, bagasse, cotton seed hulls, rice straw powder and other industrial and agricultural waste, with a certain amount of wheat bran, calcium carbonate, sugar and other excipients are mixed species and three cultivated species, into the bottle or plastic bag, the culture medium moisture content65%-70%, high pressure sterilization in sterile conditions through mushroom pure strain. Into the culture chamber, on the suitability of the mycelium growth temperature conditions, about 25d into early fruiting room, room temperature control in 8℃, relative humidity90%,1weeks after opening the bottle, the temperature at10-12 ℃,5D will appear a large number of mushroom bud. When the entity is long2cm, long 10cm in the bushing of bottle mouth paper sets of shade, can prevent premature opening umbrella cap, and increase the indoor humidity, illumination and 10-20lx to 90%-95%.
[ character ] trait distinguishing the fleshy, hemispherical or flat, the central concave, diameter 2-4cm, brown or chestnut color, luster. Mushroom meat white or pale brown. Gill is sparse, of different lengths, white or ivory. The stipe is cylindrical, slightly curved, long 5-8cm, diameter 5-8mm, upper yellow-brown, densely brown tomentose below, brittle bone, internal soft. Gas micro, mild.
[ ] chemical composition containing vitamin D2, amino acids, plant hemagglutinin ( lectin ), chitin ( chitin ), N- acetyl glucosamine ( N-acetylglu-cosamine ), polysaccharide ( polysaccharide ), fatty acid composition, its mainly oleic acid ( oleic acid ), linoleic acid ( linoleic acid ), taurine ( taurine ), ( eritadenine eritadenine ). Steroidal components are: 5,8,22- ergot steroid three with -3β - ol ( ergosta-5,8,22-trien-3 β-ol ), a (ergosterol ),7,22- ergot steroidal diene -3β - ol ( ergosta-7,22-dien-3 β-ol ),5,7- ergot steroidal dienes ( er-gosta-5, -3β - ol7-dien-3 β-ol ). Also contains the cell lysis toxins: cytolysin ( lysin ) and mushroom cell toxin ( flammutoxin ).
[ ] the pharmacological effect
1: anti tumor effect of Flammulina velutipes ( mushroom ) polysaccharide on mice sarcoma S180, H22and Leuis lung cancer liver cancer had obvious anti-tumor activity, the effect intensity and PSK close, Flammulina velutipes polysaccharide on mice sarcoma of the anti tumor effect of S180showed no obvious dose-effect relationship, likely due to its role is immune regulation, rather than the direct destruction of tumor cells. It can inhibit the growth of the tumor, the tumor necrosis degree increased, glycogen content was reduced, and the tumor tissue nonspecific acid esterase activity decreased. Mouse daily intraperitoneal injection of Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides5mg/kg, for 10 consecutive days, could obviously inhibit the subcutaneous inoculation of S180solid tumor in Kunming mice in vivo growth, tumor inhibition rate of 39.5%-40%. Isolated from Flammulina velutipes polysaccharide PA3DE ( molecular weight540000) and PA5DE ( molecular weight471000) on mice sarcoma S180 inhibition rates were 50.2% and46.7%. In addition, for Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides were isolated and purified by the EA3,, EA5, EA6and EA7four component, wherein EA3 and EA5 on mice sarcoma S180inhibition rates were 82% and84%. EA6can enhance the L1210 vaccine of BDF1 mouse leukemia antitumor immunity, extended to the inoculation of 1000leukemia L1210cell lifespan of mice. Oral administration of EA6 can enhance tumor S180ICR mouse spleen cells against sheep red blood cell ( SRBC ) antibody production of IgM and delayed hypersensitivity reaction, when associated with tumor cryotherapy with, the enhancement of humoral and cellular immune function is more significant, can enhance the effect of cryotherapy. However, either alone or with oral cryotherapy with carbon clearance test, showed that, EA6can enhance mouse reticuloendothelial system function. Another from Flammulina velutipes mycelium isolated from a weakly acid containing more than 90% protein, relative molecular mass of approximately13000 of the glycoprotein ( proflamin ) has significant anticancer activity, it against B-16 melanoma and755 adenocarcinomas have obvious function, but has no cytotoxicity, no any obvious mice by oral administration of the protein toxic reaction. Flammulina handle containing a protein polysaccharide, in10mg/kg daily for 10 consecutive days, dose, the mice sarcoma S180inhibitory rate of 62.3%.
2: the effects on immune function of Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides0.5-10 μg/ml could significantly promote the concanavalin A ( Con A ) of normal rats induced by splenic lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin -2( IL-2) generation, but large dose (50 μ g/ml ) on the production of IL-2inhibition, Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides also on anti immunosuppressive effect of hydrocortisone on IL-2inhibition, which inhibited lymphocyte to produce the ability of IL-2partial recovery.
3: Taking the anti fatigue effect of Flammulina velutipes certain time of mice, the activity of lactic dehydrogenase, muscle glycogen, hepatic glycogen content were significantly increased, swimming exercise blood lactic acid level and serum urea nitrogen content decreased obviously, during recovery after exercise blood lactate clearance rate increased significantly, indicating enhanced exercise load of Flammulina adaptability, resistance to fatigue and fatigue elimination effect.
4of the blood system: from Flammulina velutipes isolated to a protease, both in vitro and in vivo inhibition of rat plasma clotting and fibrinolytic function of promotion, its effect was concentration and dose dependent. But the in vivo delivery, may have been short of procoagulant effect.
5: the anti-inflammatory effect of Flammulina velutipes mycelium, fruiting body extract polysaccharide on mice auricle inflammation models have an anti-inflammatory effect, its anti-inflammatory activity with molecular weight increase, and fruit body polysaccharide anti-inflammatory activity than mycelium polysaccharides.
6other roles: mushroom can inhibit the animal by feeding high cholesterol diet caused by elevated blood lipids, Flammulina can promote rat hemoglobin synthesis.
7: toxicity of Flammulina velutipes minimal toxicity, mouse and rat oral LD50is greater than20g/kg, continuous feeding for 7 days, no toxicity test on TA97a, Ames, TA98, TA100and TA102four strain test results were negative, cytogenetic detection is not found on human peripheral blood lymphocytes chromosome aberration induced by role, sister chromatid exchange frequency negative, doses of 15g/kg on rat bone marrow cell chromosome aberration was negative, doses of 5g/kg on mouse testicular primary spermatocytes with no induced chromosome aberration effect. Ig mushroom powder 0.01g/kg,0.1g/kg,1g/kg,10g/kg,20g/kg and 30g/kg6 dose groups,50 days of continuous feeding, weight does not have apparent growth, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney coefficients were not significantly different, each organ by pathology were observed and compared to the control group showed no significant pathological changes.
[ ] sweet taste salty; cold;
[ ] s liver functions; tonifying stomach; anticancer. Primary liver disease; gastrointestinal inflammation; ulcer; cancer.
[ usage]: orally taken decoction,30-50g.
Excerpts from" Chinese Materia Medica" [ ]

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