Erigeron breviscapus

[ ] from Chinese herbal medicine in Yunnan.""
Pinyin name ] [ Dē n Zhǎ n X ìX īn
[ ] Herb of Shortscape Fleabane English name
[ alias ] to straw hat, Erigeron breviscapus, Chaoyang, double sunflower, East Ju, with grass, teeth in medicine, can of grass
[ source ]
Medicine medium source: as the Compositae Erigeron breviscapus root and herb.
Latin animal mineral name: Erigeron breviscapus ( Vant. ) Hand.- Mazz.[Aster breuiscapus Vant.]
Harvest and storage: summer and autumn harvest, clean, fresh or dried.
[ ] the original morphology of Erigeron breviscapus perennial is herbaceous, tall 5-50cm. Roots thick, woody, densely majority of fibrous roots. Stems erect, central a few general Guan Branch, entire individual plant by a multicellular hispidulous or mixed with glandular hairs. Basal leaf blade densely integrated rosulate, blade spatulate workers obovate-lanceolate, long 1.5-11cm, tribute 0.5-2.5cm, apex obtuse, a small pointed, base decurrent into sessile, entire, both surfaces of coarse wool; cauline leaves few, usually2-4, oblong, long 1-4cm, wide 0.5-1cm, basal half anchor the upper part of stems, often reduced to a strip of small bracts, without petiole. Heads terminal, usually solitary, diameter 2-2.8cm; involucral hemispherical, long 0.5-0.8cm, wide 1-1.5cm; involucral bracts3, linear-lanceolate, ca.8mm, width of 1mm, apex acute; the periphery of the female ligulate,3layer, tongue, blue or purple, apex entire; in the bisexual flowers and shaped, yellow, a narrow funnel shape, central was sparsely minute hairy, lobes glabrous. Achenes narrowly oblong, ca.1.5mm, flat back pressure, often with 1ribs, densely covered with short hairs; crested brownish,2layer, setaceous, inner layer outer short, ca.4mm. Florescence 3-10 month.
[ ] habitat distribution
Ecological environment : in montane sparse forest, grass or sunny slope.
Resource distribution: located in Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Tibet.
Character.
Character identification the whole grass long 15-25cm. Rhizome long 1-3cm, the surface is uneven, with most cylindrical root, diameter of about1mm, surface pale brown to yellowish brown. Stem diameter cylindrical,1-2mm, surface yellowish green to pale brown, with fine longitudinal ridge, white pubescent; brittle, easily broken, section yellowish white, myelinated or hollow. Basal leaf crinkle, crushing, complete to start after a ovate-lanceolate, spatulate, broad lanceolate, broadly obovate, long 2-8cm, wide 4-11mm, yellow green, apex acute or rounded, base attenuate, margin entire; stem leaves alternate, lanceolate, long 8-40mm, wide 2-6mm, base cuneate truncate, amplexicaul. Heads terminal. Achenes flat obovate. Fragrant, spicy, bitter.
With roots thick, fine root, the color green yellow is preferred.
Microscopic identification of the transverse section of the stem: epidermal cells outside the square, horny, thickness of 2-4μ m, non glandular hairs and a few remote hair, cortex lateral to have collenchyma cells1-4layer. Internal disambiguation layer is not obvious, the phloem lateral pericycle fibers are shaped like a crescent, xylem fiber bundle catheter inside; round, communities, the diameter of 10-30μ M. Pith parenchyma cell arranged loosely, round, visible starch granule.
Transverse section of root epidermal cell types: square, corky. Cortex is broad, is the block diagram view1/3, secretory canal occasionally. Endodermis Casparian dots visible. Cambium into the ring, xylem by catheter, wood fiber, wood parenchyma cells of the catheter; round; diameter of 10-40μ M.
Characteristics : yellow brown powder. Non glandular hairs of two kinds of. By a 4-8cell consists of a cell tail tip, top with sparse wall warts, basal cell diameter is more than 70m; another kind of non-glandular hairs by 5-6cell composition, on top of a flat linear, base cell diameter is20-30μ m, top flat linear cell is easy to fall off, the remaining part of a remote hairy, but does not secrete gland fluid. The glandular head consists of 2-5cells, including yellow secreta, handle into 8-10cells arranged into2 rows, columns, base diameter is20-30 μM. The pollen grains in shape, yellow, with 3apertures, with spiny protrusions, the diameter of 20-30μ M. The hole diameter oval,30-35μ m, infinitive, accessory cell4-6, anticlinal wall corrugated, some visible skin texture. ⑤catheter, reticulate, thread, the diameter of 10-50μ M. The wood fiber light yellow, often into bundles, wood, and long fusiform, wall apertures significantly, diameter 10-30 μm,80-200μ M. ⑦pericycle fibers in the bundle, wood, light yellow, the diameter of 10-20μ m,200-600μ M.
[ ] the whole grass chemical composition containing coke Mai Kang acid ( pyromeconic acid ), Erigeron glycosides ( double called erigeroside ) ( erigeroside ) [1,2,4,5,6,7- four hydroxy flavone -7-O-β -D- glucopyranosyl intoxicated acid methyl ester glycosides (4,5,6,7-tetrahydroxyflavone-7-O- β-D-glucronopyranoside methyl ester ) [3], apigenin ( apigenin ), alpine baicalein ( scutellarein ), Cosmos glycosides ( cosmosiin ), apigenin -7-O- glucose intoxicated acid glycosides ( Erigeron60primes) (apigenin-7-O-glucronide ), in front of flavone glycoside (plantaginin ) and alpine baicalein -7-O- glucose intoxicated acid glycosides ( scutellarin ) ( scutellarein-7-O-glucronide ), the former mainly containing a small amount of apigenin -7-O- glucose intoxicated acid glycosides mixture named breviscapine ( breviscapine ) [4].
[ ] the pharmacological effect
1Effect on cardiovascular system of Erigeron breviscapus extract0.25mg / ml.smg / ml could significantly enhance the isolated guinea pig heart coronary flow [1]. Erigeron breviscapus water soluble part4mg ( extract ) / ml diastolic15methyl prostaglandin FZ αinduced contraction of the isolated porcine coronary artery [2]. Erigeron breviscapus in the canine model of myocardial infarction by myocardial infarction range significantly lower. Electron microscopic observation drug groups, animal in the infarct marginal zone of central lesion were reduced. Coronary vascular tree mold observation shows that, Erigeron breviscapus injection may promote coronary collateral circulation. Anesthesia in the bolus injection of Erigeron breviscapus injection10mg/kg, slow heart rate, decreased myocardial contractility, reduction of myocardial oxygen consumption and power function [3]. Rats with hypoxia and reoxygenation model, total flavone of Erigeron breviscapus100mg/L perfusion group heart creatine kinase release was significantly reduced; reoxygenation, release rate is significantly lower than the control group, prompting effect of Erigeron breviscapus on cardiac cell membrane protection. Hypoxia reperfusion after 50min, group myocardium showed a higher activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity. The5min reoxygenation, group C two sound like substance myocardial levels were significantly lower than that of the control group [4]. Erigeron breviscapus flavonoids rabbit aortic blood flow and heart rate decreased, the blood pressure was not affected by [5]. Clinical application of Erigeron breviscapus capsule in treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease, there is always more efficient than Salvia miltiorrhiza. Patients with stroke24.1%[19]. Each volume, stroke volume, cardiac index and other indices of cardiac function were improved in [6]. Effect of Erigeron breviscapus on myocardial ischemia, hypoxia ECG changes also have antagonistic effects [7].
2anticoagulant, antithrombotic and fibrinolytic activity of promoting effect of Breviscapus23mg/ml concentration, in vitro on rabbit platelet aggregation inhibition rate of 56.5%[1]. Effect of Dengzhanhua Injection ( containing erigeron breviscapus flavones SMG / L to8ml / kg ) in rabbits after intravenous injection, after administration of LH, Zh peripheral decreased platelet count, platelet aggregation function, substantial changes in [18]. Drug effects after administration of the drug and reached the peak at Zh. After the injection of 1H, Zh,4h, kaolin partial thromboplastin time prolonged prothrombin time, and no obvious change. After the injection of LH, plasma fibrinogen decreased, globulin dissolved time lower, serum fibrin degradation products ( raw ) increased, prompting breviscapine can promote fibrinolytic activity. In the vein of rabbits after the administration of Zh, thrombus formation in vitro in time, check length shortening, wet and dry weight of thrombus Tong were alleviated, prompting breviscapine can inhibit the formation of thrombus in vitro, and Zh after administration of the strongest effect [8]. Intravenous injection of Erigeron breviscapus140mg / kg,350mg / g, can make the aortic thrombosis model in rabbit thrombosis weight reduced, thrombus formation was inhibited, the positive correlation between field and dose breviscapine to attenuate platelet broken degree of inhibition of5serotonin release reaction enhancement. On platelet and endothelial cells of peanut and four acid metabolite thromboxane B2( TXB2),6keto PGF1 αwater, group did not change significantly, while the control group showed significantly higher [9]. Erigeron breviscapus glue on angina pectoris of coronary heart disease with platelet aggregation and thrombus formation in vitro in inhibiting the production of [6].
3 on microcirculation and hemorrheology in rabbits induced by dextran brain microcirculation, soft brain microcirculation in guinea pig model, intravenous injection of Erigeron extract can make Rabbits Brain skin marked EEG recovery, improve the guinea pig pial microvascular flow, on guinea pig red blood cells have obvious depolymerization, and confront the norepinephrine vasoconstrictor effect [1-12]. The dextral fine anhydride induced rat mesenteric microcirculation disorder, prior intravenous injection of Erigeron breviscapus extract, or after the model with the same dose, methods of drug delivery, were significantly contribute to microvascular open, improve microcirculation, they can also fight adrenergic vasoconstrictor effect of [10,13]. Effect of Dengzhanhua Injection10ml / kg intravenously can make the polymer dextran fine induced microcirculation rabbit microcirculation status improved performance, capillary or fine vein restoration of flow, flow speed. In addition, the whole blood viscosity ( than ), plasma viscosity ( than ), red cell electrophoresis and platelet electrophoresis have recovery [14]. 20mg / kg in rabbits after intravenous injection of erigeron injection, blood viscosity significantly decreased; daily intramuscular injections of10mg / kg, successive 14d, after injection of3D and7d blood test blood viscosity decreased significantly. But no significant change was found in [15] plasma viscosity.
In 4cerebral vascular dilatation function in rabbits after intravenous injection of Erigeron breviscapus in5% leaching liquid lg/kg, rabbit cerebral vascular tone, peripheral vascular resistance, blood pressure decreased significantly in both1] ). Erigeron breviscapus flavones 5X10g/ml on canine isolated middle cerebral artery have significant rifting, marked nuclear resistance 5a serotonin contraction of the basilar artery and15methyl prostaglandin F2a contraction of middle cerebral artery in the role of. Effect of Erigeron breviscapus on anesthesia canine vertebral artery flow was not affected by [5].
5other roles in mice by intraperitoneal injection of Erigeron20mg/kg, smin and plasma cAMP content increased gradually, reached the peak at20min, lmy/kg ~ 20my/kg dose range dosage-effect proportional relationship, for the maximal effect dose of [16] mg/kg. Erigeron breviscapus extract20% aqueous solution of60g ( crude drug) / kg to mice, significantly prolong the survival time of 1] mice normobaric hypoxia. The mountains of baicalein on protein kinase C ( PKC ) has an inhibitory effect on IC50,48pmol / L, A2±mountain skullcap in concentrations of 10- 2 to10-7mol / L show on PKC inhibition, this effect is not due to the two oil of phosphatidyl glycerol ester or the substrate protein concentration increased and reverses, the mountain yellow pigment inhibition is a noncompetitive inhibitor [17]. Erigeron breviscapus preparation can enhance the permeability of blood brain barrier, against by two adenosine phosphate tone caused by platelet aggregation and increase the phagocytic immune function of [18].
6in mice by intravenous injection of3H- scutellarin10mg / kg,3H in blood was60min declined rapidly. Intravenous injection of LH,3H lamp lamp flower B in gallbladder, intestine, liver, kidney distribution more;4H in gallbladder, intestine, liver, myocardium in more, the brain distribution increased significantly after 24h, gallbladder, small intestine and brain still has certain radioactive distribution. The mouse intravenous injection of3H lamp light B, from the urinary excretion of total 24h as the injected volume19.1%, from fecal excretion of 24h for the total injection volume of24 L% (19].
Toxicity of Erigeron breviscapus extract720% aqueous solution of0.4ml/kg ( equivalent to : 80g / kg ) to male mice were observed after3D, no death. Male mice by intraperitoneal injection of Erigeron breviscapus extract solution5%, according to the simplified probability unit method measuring LD50. 13.14soil5.42g / kg, intravenous injection of LD50. 10.02soil1.55g / kg[1]. Subacute toxicity test proves that breviscapine on blood, liver, kidney function without affecting, visceral organs without substantial changes in [18].
[ ] physicochemical identification identification of take the coarse powder of about 2G, plus16ml methanol, warm water bath soaking1H, filtration, the filtrate for the following tests:①take1ml filtrate, plus powder amount and hydrochloric acid5-6 drops, deep fluid into a brownish red, on the water bath heating, reddish brown is more obvious. ( check the flavonoid branch )②leachate1ml, plus 1% hydroxylamine hydrochloride methanol deep liquid with 10% potassium hydroxide methanol solution6 drops each, on the water bath heating, cooling with dilute hydrochloric acid to regulate pH to3-4, plus 1% ferric chloride ethanol deep liquid1 drops significantly, orange red to purplish red.
[ ] taste acrid in taste slightly bitter; temperature;
[ ] the lung meridian; stomach; belly by
[ ] functions of dispelling cold and relieving exterior; Qufeng desiccant; activating blood circulation and relieving pain; consumer product. The main cold; rheumatoid arthritis; paralysis; stomachache toothache; children; infantile malnutrition; osteomyelitis; traumatic injury
[ usage]: orally taken decoction,9-15g; steamed eggs. External: amount, trace and apply.
[ ] the discussion
1" Guangxi drug-sik directory": treatment of infantile head sores.
2" Chinese herbal medicine" published Yunnan: cold, Jianpi Xiaoji, antiphlogistic and acetanilide.
3" selected medicinal plants of Yunnan": dispelling cold and relieving exterior syndrome, to relieve pain, Shujin huoxue. Toothache, acute gastritis, hyperthermia, traumatic injury, rheumatic pain, chest pain, malaria, sequelae of infantile paralysis, encephalitis sequelae of paralysis, schistosomiasis.
Excerpts from" Chinese Materia Medica" [ ]

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