Milk thistle

[ source ] from the" materia medica by variorum"
[ ] D àJ ìPinyin name
[ English ] Japanese Thistle Herbor Root name, Herb of Japanese Thistle, Root of Japanese Thistle
[ alias ] horse thistle, tiger thistle, thistle, Hill burdock, chicken, chicken feet, a grass roots, wild thorn mustard, Red Bull gores mouth, vertebral, chicken, thorn, drum." Evil, twitter, chervil, pig, thorn, June frost, ant Tom thorn, thorn beef export tiger rostrata, radish, thorn, donkey, horse, thorn thorns prick the mouths of straw, grass, bovine tongue spurs, thorn, thorn, tiger shoes brush head, soil safflower, wild thorn dish, cattle, pigs, cattle mother olfactory dish dish dish, Cile, Le birds flutter
[ source ]
Medicine medium source: Asteraceae Plants are the part on the ground or root.
Latin plant animal name: Cirsiu japonicum Fisch.ex DC. mineral
Harvest and storage : planted third years, autumn mining root, removes the dirt, residual stems, washed, dried. Summer, autumn flowering time cut the part on the ground, fresh or dried.
[ ] the original morphology are perennial. Root lines mallet or carrot shape, diameter up to7mm. Stems erect,30-80cm, stem and branches have edges, is long hair. The base leaf has a shank, leaf blade oblanceolate or obovate-elliptic, long 8-20cm, wide 2.5-8cm, pinnatipartite or lobed, lateral lobes6-12 on central, lateral lobes larger, upward and downward side lobes gradually small, margin dentate, teeth end spinescent; from base to the leaf small gradually, and basal Ye Tongxing and, like splitting, but sessile, base broadened semiamplexicaul; all stems and leaves concolorous, green, two sides along veins sparsely hairy. Heads you stand, a single or a plurality of branchlets terminal integrated conical; involucre campanulate,3cm diameter;; involucral bracts ca. 6, imbricate, into the inner grew, outer and middle ovate-triangular to long triangle, apex short spines, inner lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, apex acuminate a soft needle shaped; flowers bisexual, all for the tubular flower, corollaceous and purple or purple-red,1.5-2CM long,5 lobed, lobes of lower inflated portion of short; stamens 5, anthers apex tablets, basal tail. Achenes oblong, slightly flat, Chang about 4mm; crested feather, dark grey, slightly shorter than corolla. Florescence 5-8 month, month of fruit period 6-8.
[ ] habitat distribution
Ecological environment of grassland slopes, roadsides,: born in.
Resource distribution: located in Hebei, Shaanxi, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places.
[ ] cultivation
Biological characteristics of likes the warm and humid climate, cold resistance, drought tolerance. Adaptability is strong, lax to edaphic requirement. Discovery of soil deep, loose and fecund arenaceous qualitative loam or loam soil cultivation is appropriate.
Cultivation techniques for seed, ramets propagation, embryo, seed propagation mainly. Seed propagation: Spring3-4 month; in September, with autumn sowing good. 7-8 months after the seed is mature, cutting his head inflorescence, dried, threshing, twisted net, standby. Bunch : according to the spacing30cm× 30cm open hole, hole depth of 3-5cm, seed plant ash blocking evenly to broadcast sports, covering soil. Ramets propagation:3-4 month mining plant, divided into small bundles, each bundle cave1, soil compaction, watering. Bud reproduction: use with bud root plant.
Field management growth period were weeding2-3 times, combining human and Animal Manure Fertilization, but after seedling compost, manure, to increase.
[ character ]
Character identification of thistle grass stems: cylindrical, diameter 0.5-1.5cm, surface green brown or dark brown, with vertical edges, by hoar hairs; qualitative crisp, yellow-white section, pith white, often hollow. Leaf falling sharply, many broken, intact leaves after flattening is oblanceolate or obovate-elliptic, pinnatipartite, edges with unequal acupuncture, upper surface grayish green or yellow color under the crown, surface color is shallow, both sides with white hair. Inflorescence of health, spherical or oval, involucral bracts lanceolate, withered and yellow,4-6 layer, crested feather, yellowish white. Gas micro, mild.
With the color green, leaves much better.
Lei thistle root: root fusiform, often fascicled and distortion, long 5-15cm, about 1cm in diameter, surface is dark brown, with longitudinal wrinkles. Hard and brittle, easily broken, section relatively rough, skin thin, brown, with fine fissures, white wood department. Gas specific, taste slightly bitter.
A coarse, Lo off short is preferred.
Microscopic identification of leaf surface view: the epidermal cells of type of polygonal, epidermal cells under irregular or long words, anticlinal wall winding, upper and lower epidermis have fine cuticular veins. Stomatal infinitive or inequality, accessory cell3-5. Multicellular non glandular hair very long, has broken off, to complete the4-18 or more cells, basal cell diameter 15-150 μm above, the top cell is extremely long and distortion, the diameter of 13-24μ m, wall with staggered horny texture. The mesophyll cells contain calcium oxalate crystals, the diameter of 13-24μ m, calcium oxalate crystals to grow about 15μ M.
Transverse section of root epidermal cells: corky, often fall off. Cortex is wider, abuts the endothelial layer outside of a circular secretory cavity, the diameter of 70-140μ m, more will be arranged in a ring, endodermis Casparian strip was. The phloem was narrow, forming layer into the ring, xylem minority, a number of communities around the radial arrangement, often accompanied by wood fiber, ray is capacious, central myelinated. Parenchyma cells containing inulin.
[ ] the chemical composition of fresh leaves Hanliu wear fish glycosides (pectolinarin) [1]. The ground portion containing the φ - Dandelion sterols acetates (φ -taraxasteryl acetate ),β - amyrin acetate ( acetateβ-amyrin ), thirty-two alkyl alcohol (dotriacontanol ) (stigmasterol ), stigmasterol,β- sitosterol (β -sitosterol ), toadflax hormone ( pectolinari-genin ) [2]. Root oil, within a single yew ene ( aplotaxene ), two hydrogen by single yew (dihydroaplotaxene), four hydrogen by single yew (tetrahydroaploaplotaxene), six hydrogen by single yew (hexahdroaploataxene),1- fifteen (1-pentadecene ) carbene, Cyperus rotundus ene ( cyperene ), Ding Xiangxi ( caryophyllene ), thujopsene ( thujop-sene ),α- cedrene (α -himachalene ) [3], CIS 8,9- -1- seventeen carbon olefinic epoxy -11,13- two acetylenic alcohol (8,9-epoxy-heptadeca-1-en-11,13-diyn-10-ol ) -10- [4]. roots also contain dandelion sterol acetate ( ataxasteryl acetate ),φ- Dandelion sterol acetate [5], inulin ( inulin ) [6].
[ ] the pharmacological effect
1on cardiovascular effects of 1.1 on isolated frog heart activity effects of bombesin in12, according to Starub method, preparation of isolated frog heart, Ringer's liquid with thistle, concentration is greater than 20mg/L, heart rate had no significant change, concentration of200mg/L, heart contraction amplitude becomes smaller, slower heart rate, and not the same degree atrioventricular block, such as for a Ringer's solution, to restore normal cardiac contractile amplitude.
1.2 on isolated heart perfusion6 rabbits were informal, male and female, according to Langendorff's method, were isolated rabbit heart perfusion for heart activity, stability, from the heart catheterization collateral injection are0.5g/kg, recorded immediately after the administration of heart rate and cardiac contractile amplitude, and dosing before comparison.
1.3 in the canine heart in dogs6, using 3% sodium pentobarbital anesthesia30mg/kg. Application of thoracic artificial respiration, physiological and pharmacological instrument for synchronous recording and systolic blood pressure curve, IV are1.5g/kg, blood pressure was significantly reduced, from 15.8± 0.9kPa to 11.8 ± 0.8kPa decreased (X ±SD, n = 6, P < 0.05 =. Heart contraction amplitude was reduced from 100±1% to39 ±7%, heart rate from 103± 7% to72±6%, all the experimental process can be seen in the hypotensive effect of. After administration of the drug immediately increased trend, and1minutes after the start of gradually declined, falling blood pressure effect can last nearly 20± 7minutes, and repeated dosing in the hypotensive effect is not obvious.
1.4are rapid tolerance to3 dogs, blood pressure was 17.9 ± 0.9kPa, first IV after 1.5g/kg thistle drop in blood pressure,12 ± 1.1kPa, the blood pressure restored to its original level, then second IV amounts when the drug,2 dogs blood pressure anti decreased from 3.7± 0.8kPa, and another 1dogs fall in blood pressure value with the first IV voltage values are the same, it has produced rapid tolerance may.
1.5 pairs of occlusion of the common carotid artery ( BCO ) pressor reflex in rats anesthetized dogs, every 5 minutes with artery clip occlusion of bilateral common carotid artery15s, so a total of 2 times, the measured IV thistle before BCO boost values ( from 16.6 ±1.6was increased to 20.8±2.4kPa), then IV are1.5g/kg, when blood pressure drops when the minimum the blood pressure, BCO from 9.1 ±2.1 to10.3 ± 2.4kPa. According to the formula: pressor response value ( % ) = ( elevated blood pressure values / raw blood pressure -60) X100 plus correction calculation. Results prior to administration pressor response in48%, and after the administration of33%, prompting thistle can inhibit BCO pressor reflex action.
Water extract, ethanol water extract and ethanol extract, used in dogs and cats, rabbits and so on have a role in lowering blood pressure. Thistle, Cirsium japonicum root or stem of fresh water, alkaline, acidic water decoction of root alcohol extract and leaf Decoction on anesthetized dogs are hypotensive effect, leaves, grass and the lye lye grass water solution is not obvious.
Antibacterial effect in vitro of thistle (2varieties of unidentified ) root decoction or herb distillate, the concentration of 1:4000can inhibit the toxic mycobacterial growth type. Alcohol extract1:30000 on human type tubercle bacillus is inhibited, but the water decoction of inhibitory concentrations than this.
3 pairs of ascites cancer cells from healthy mouse inoculation ascites carcinoma cells liquid0.1ml.7-8d after growth carcinoma liquid more, taking the carcinoma liquid add 1 drops to a glass slide, and add 1 drops of 20% thistle Decoction and1 drops of eosin Tyrode's solution, observed under the microscope of cancer cell death, such as being killed the cells stained red, not kill is colorless and transparent. At the same time, the salivary gland cells and the cells of 2normal cells, were controlled trials. The results showed that plant, can kill all ascites carcinoma cells, and also have the same effect on testis cell. But on salivary gland cells without damage.
[ ] physical and chemical identification of thin layer chromatography identification: from Cirsium japonicum on coarse powder1g, plus ethanol, water bath temperature on leaching of 2h, filtration, filtrate evaporated, plus ethanol dissolved sample used for0.5ml. Another chlorogenic acid and rutin in ethanol solution as a control products. Each kiss on silica gel G-0.5%CMC plate, with butanol acetic acid - water (3:1:1), in the UV lamp (365nm ), chlorogenic acid show blue fluorescence, spray % aluminum chloride ethanol solution, rutin yellow.
[ processing ] pick impurities, clean water, run through, cut, dried. Carbonized Cirsium japonicum: take the net are arranged in the fire pot fry until 70% black, existence, live wire screen, spraying water, dried out. " Metaphysics": Herbal wine to wash or Tongbian mix, stir fry until.
[ ] taste sweet; bitter cold;
[ ] to the liver through the heart;
[ indications ] cooling blood; stasis detumescence. The main hematemesis; hemoptysis; pain; stool; hematuria; women with metrorrhagia; trauma; sore throat; Luo Li; eczema; hepatitis; nephritis
[ usage] oral Decoction: fresh goods available 30-60g,5-10g. External application: suitable, ramming perfunctory. Used for hemostasis should fry carbon.
[ note ] of spleen deficiency and stasis to hate. 1" Essentials" tastes : avoid making iron. The 2" Chinese Materia Medica" Sutra: not conducive to weak stomach diarrhea and very weak stomach, blood deficiency. Do not think of food license.
[ ] the discussion
1" Tang Bencao": root, treatment of carbuncle. Large, Cirsium setosum can break the blood, but the thistles and therapy of carbuncle, and Thistle designed main blood, cannot disappear carbuncle and.
The 2" Chinese Materia Medica" Sutra: porcupine grass root, Tao cloud of toxic, incorrectly. Woman in red Baiwo, heat induced also, tire due to heat is disturbed, bleeding due to blood-heat, overflow orifices and then spit on bleeding. Porcupine grass root the most cooling blood, blood, pyrolysis, syndromes of self-healing. Its cool and can, and zone, blood gas and blood, honor, glory and it can make the gas fertilizer health also.
3" Chinese Materia Medica": a large, Thistle class think blood, though. Article such as peach, safflower, all words of blood broken lag, and the taste is said to stop hematemesis, epistaxis, and women's collapse in the blood, appears to function in hemostasis and. Fu Xiaoji fever solid to hemostasis, and are under the gas is hemostatic Mya, cover gas level, as a result of yin yang hyperactivity and did not fall, that could not, under the" blood gas, the gas for the blood to righteousness. Husband cooling more sluggish, but this is not to fire it, for, from under the gas that is. The thistle root, in" dietetic Materia Medica" also say that its vital force, but inferior to the thistle ear. In the line of blood donors., which are to protect, large thistle health raise force rather than protect the blood is called his ear, not far also with blood.
4" Bencaoqiuzhen": large, thistle, although the book contained is sweet, can protect the blood ran the novel, fine feed, blood, and depends on the blood Rong one, went without lag. If the blood stasis due to see not, spit out saliva. Metrorrhagia nosebleed certificate, and blood product not, due to see a carbuncle sore throat disease, then the blood first? Do not treat, with maintenance of the said on. This mild odor, temperature is not dry, but scattered row, stagnation temperature is disappear, bruise, live line. Lochia is net, its own student new energy, eliminating carbuncle potential, its own solid Yi Miao, maintenance, meaning thereby, it really has the functions of invigorating force is.
The 5" Chinese Materia Medica": justice two thistle attending, all the following line guide stasis"," separate listings to porcupine grass root check hematemesis epistaxis, is following behavior, and uplink spit nosebleeds stop. And that the tocolysis, is broken blood stasis stagnation of run counter to one's desire, fear not available from. Zhen power that main blood, but also not allowed.
6:" other" BIE Lu: root, Lord of Yangjing blood protection. The main women's red Baiwo, tocolysis, antiemetic blood epistaxis. " Resistance": on the root, stop collapse in the blood. " Materia Medica": Hua Zi leaves, treat appendicitis, hidden abdominal stasis, revascularization on loss, health research, wine and urine as clothing; malignant sore scabies, salt and inspection application. " Southern Yunnan Materia Medica": the new blood, eliminate blood stasis, stopping hematemesis, epistaxis. Treatment of infantile hematuria, lady red blood collapse, students make up all the blood, eliminate sore, sore and carbuncle scattered crewels tuberculosis, durable, myogenic pus. " Jade": treating a drug solution at. Summary:" long" solid renal water, to heat, inverse gas discharge. Treatment of intestinal wind, acute appendicitis. " Fujian folk medicine:" Liangxue hemostatic, antiphlogistic detumescence. Treatment of Pulmonary Hemoptysis with blood heat, thermal nodes, furuncle sore furuncle Sore Soup, paint, fire burns.
Excerpts from" Chinese Materia Medica" [ ]

http://chinese-herbal-medicines-directory.blogspot.com/