2012年5月21日星期一

Toad



[ ].
From the" doctor" don't record.
1: the Tao Hongjing ( toad ) is a big belly, skin more Fei Lei, the peel juice is very toxic, dog engagement, all mouth.
2" Materia Medica": toad, Bufo pick died, two individual, pottery ( view ) will work shape note toad of toad, and miscible, take No. This medicine is home to sell, also when toad toad. And toad dorsal black spots, body small, can jump100 insects, as a sound, in Yi Ze, move extremely urgent; toad body, back to black, no points, multiple Fei Lei, cannot jump, not quiet, slow-moving, people in the wet. " After the" toad a toad, mistakenly passed away.
[ ] Ch n Ch Pinyin name 's cabinet
English name [ ] Dried Toad
[ alias ] toad the, to just; toad, toad, toad, toad stone clam, grid Bao, a Palestinian child, a toad, toad, Ba coccid scale Pakistan
[ source ]
Medicine source: Bufonidae animal in toad or Bufo melanostictus all.
Latin animal mineral name:1.Bufo Bufo gargarizans Cantor2.Bufo melanostictus Schneider
Harvest and storage: summer, autumn catch. After the catch, to adopt to toad, toads and will kill, direct drying in the sun.
[ ] the original morphology
1of the toad Bufo bufo gargarizans, body length in10cm above, body stout, head width larger than head length, rostral round, canthus rostralis significantly; nostril near the rostral; eye is greater than the spacing between the tympanic membrane without obvious, nose; vomerine teeth, jaw or tooth. Before long, stout technology, finger, toe slightly flat, finger side slightly margin of the film without the web, a long sequence 3,1,4,2, knuckles under multiple aneurysms in pairs, often suddenly2, outside big. Hindlimb stout and short, tibial tarsal joint of the shoulder, left and right with the Department does not meet, toe side edge membrane, webbed often developed, inner metatarsal deformation of long and large, small and round outer metatarsal tubercle. The skin is extremely rough, the top of the head is smooth, on both sides of a large and long ears after the film, the remainder was ranging from the size of the circular opening scrofula warts, arranged a rule as head of scrofula warts, oblique rows with the ear-side gland parallel. In addition, along the side of scrofula wart arrangement than the rule, and the scrofula wart larger, individual specimens is not obvious the tarsal fold, the ventral surface of the skin is not smooth, with small warts. Color also varies considerably, the reproductive season male back is dark green, body side of light stripe; female back color of shallow, scrofula wart cream, sometimes from the eye along the body side are oblique black longitudinal ventral spot, creamy yellow, brown or black fine pattern. The male individual smaller, inner three refers to the black nuptial pad, silent capsule.
2Bufo melanostictus, body length7-10CM, the male is smaller; head, head width larger than head length; snout rounded, canthus rostralis distinct, nostril near the rostral, eye spacing is greater than the spacing of the nose, large tympanic membrane, without vomerine teeth, jaws are toothless, tongue end no incision. The head along the canthus rostralis, orbital margin, tympanic membrane and leading edge on the marginal mandibular has obvious black bone edges or black line. The top of the head is concave, the skin and skull are closely linked. Forelegs slender; finger, toe slightly flat, terminal black; a long sequence of 3,1,4,2; knuckle under multiple aneurysms into foreign often suddenly, who are slightly smaller than the inner, brown, short hindlimbs, tibial tarsal joint of the shoulder with a rear, left foot shorter than not met; tibia; toe side edge is connected with the film, half webbed, joint of not obvious; inner metatarsal tubercle is slightly larger than the outer metatarsal tubercle. The skin is extremely rough, in addition to the head without warts, the rest is unequal in size circular warts, warts tablets with dark spots or spines; on the sides of the head are oblong ear gland; near the midline to the hips from ridge after having 2 longitudinal rows of aligned more rules of large warts tablets. Large spectacled toad ventral covered with small spines. Life coloration variation is large, general Brown slightly reddish brown stripe. Male first, refers to the 2base side has a black nuptial pad, a single swallow capsule of sound.
[ ] habitat distribution
Ecological environment:1lives in the mud or live in stone or grass, feed at night.
2inhabits damp grass, or the common night. Feed on a variety of harmful insects and other small animal.
Resource distribution:1located in the northeast, North China, East China, central China and Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Guizhou etc..
2located in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places.
Cultivated [ ]
Living habits, like depression shield in the mud hole, wet grass, stone, in the ditch. Skin off water easily, so during the day and night and latent suppression, evening out activities. The adult toad multiple clusters in bottom sediment in moist soil or land next winter. Stop eating, in vivo in glycogen storage cloth to maintain the minimum of the new supersedes the old., to the temperature rise to 10-20C, before the end of hibernation. Nocturnal predators, activity, with beetles, moths, snail, one for food. Artificial feeding and reproduction than other frogs easily.
Reproductive technology, toad provenance can be taken from the wild, also can fish egg mass or clam was raised. Every year in late spring and early summer,5-8in toads of the spawning season. When the temperature rises to 6-8C, toad began to hold on artificial breeding of male and female, the proportion of male and female ratio of 3:1 is appropriate, fertilization rate of more than 90%. The temperature at 16 degrees C can spawn. Each time the oviposition in about5000 or so. Are usually arranged in two rows in the tubular glial zone, within of up to several meters, winding on aquatic plants. When the water temperature should be controlled in the artificial incubation of10-30DEG C to C, as appropriate. And always pay attention to adjust the water temperature. Bitter encounter cold or rainstorm, used plastic film covering. After3-4days to hatching tadpoles. Little tadpoles live in water is often clumped in one direction to walk.
Feeding and management, establish the toad farms close to water, surrounded by grass, can use ponds, ditches or ridge as the breeding pool. Around the field should build a wall, wall left inside the lawn, vegetable, for Toad habitat and activities. The pool has the aquatic plant growth, dilute will suit. In addition, in cotton fields and rice paddies can also be free-range.
Toad tadpoles in the hatch2-3 days began to eat eggs, the first film for food, after eating some plant debris, water and plankton microorganisms. Tadpole food with humus, pig dung, bran, vegetables, grass, fish and livestock, raw and cooked waste. The metamorphosis of tadpoles into froglets, namely with live bait for food. Can cultivate earthworms, fly and other insects, can also use various insects insect attractant. For Toad edible.
A tadpole pool depth to maintain in0.2-0.4m deep, pay attention to drainage, water temperature in 16-28C for the growth and development of the optimal temperature, along with the growth of tadpoles become larger, attention should be given to the pool, generally after 2months after the onset of metamorphosis young frog. Young frog breeding should pay attention to density shoulds not be too big, every 1m230-50 only appropriate stocking. To prevent the escape and natural enemy assault. In the strong sunshine, can be sprayed with water to prevent dry skin. In late autumn, i.e. to Toad ready to overwintering sites, can be in the corner of the breeding pool stacking hay to live through the winter, northern cold can build another wintering greenhouse or wintering deep pool, pool water should be higher than the freezing layer1 times better.
[ character ] character identification, and wrinkled longitudinally angular all pumping, a quadruped telescopic, surface grayish green or green brown. The removal of organs within the abdominal cavity face sallow, visible to the bones and skin. Gas micro Xing, spicy. A large, dry, full body is preferred.
Chemical composition of [ ]
Bufo raddei ( Bufo vaddei Strauch ) ear gland secretions containing cholesterol ( cholesterol ), South America toad venom extract ( marinobufagin ), the Japanese toad venom it spirit (Gamabufotalin), Yuanhua toad venom fine (telocinobufagin ), sand toad venom extract ( arenobufagin ).
Ear gland secretions in the volatile compositions containing azelaic acid ( nonanoic acid ), capric acid ( decanoic acid ), a small number of eighteen alkyl, nineteen alkanes, are thirty alkyl twenty-one n, eighteen, two carbon acid.
Pharmacological action [ ]
1 toad preparation can enhance myocardial contractility, increased stroke volume, reduce the heart rate and the elimination of edema and dyspnea, digitalis like effect.
2pressor effect, this product is thriving and prosperous pressure quickly and steadily, to maintain a long time and can make the kidney, brain, coronary blood flow increased, superior to epinephrine vasoconstrictor agents.
3local anesthesia effects, using a guinea pig corneal test, ocular instillation equivalent drugs after every 5min stimulation,6,30min, statistical30min stimulation of the cornea does not react with the times, with no response to the percentage for local anesthesia process indicators, found its role in most local anesthesia than cocaine strong.
4antitumor effect, toad is increased in mice spleen hemolytic plaque forming cell ( PEC ) activity rate, promote macrophage function and enhanced HD lysozyme concentration etc, in addition the toad on the immune system and circulation system and other aspects also have a role.
Processing [ ]
Toad: brushing ash soil, cut off the head of the claw, diced. Grilled dried toad: the iron into the hot pan, and chopped dried toad into the stir fry, and micro foaming out, sieve to iron, put cold. People have to live toad, with Wong Xu wrap, set fire to simmer in ash deposit of fine grinding, human medicine.
1" Materia Medica":" Shu" cloud map, and dry day and fire. A method to the peeling claw, wine soaked all night, and with yellow fine natural juice soak one night, with crisp and dry use.
" Schema": how2is dried, mud solid economy, existence of calcined.
3" must match the materia medica": shade, wine dip three, baked with.
[ ] taste spicy; cool; toxic
[ ] to the heart liver spleen lung;;;
[ ] functions detoxification Sanjie; consumer product and water; insecticidal eliminate rickets. The main form of dysentery;; back; Luo Li; inside; a product of masses; expansion; edema; infantile malnutrition; tetanus; chronic cough and asthma
[ usage] external: moderate, burned dark grinds end apply or coated; or live toad trace and apply. Oral: decoction,1; or the pill, powder,1-3g.

[ note ]" Guangxi medicinal animal": table, people do not use heat prostration.
[ ] of all attached side treatment of sores, ulcer, scrofula . " By the month, not ill, will be cold fistula: toad a (headed by sulfur ), yellow ( don't grind), frankincense ( don't grind), wood, then ( to rough skin ) were two, a ( nidus Vespae burnt ash ). On six flavor, ramming Luo for the end of one or two, with edible vegetable oil, adjustable medicine end, into the bowl Sheng, peach heavy soup, don't stop up, make into paste, paste on the silk. Sometimes out of clear water, replacement of new drugs, sore patients worse, thick stands of plaster. (" St. Francis." toad ointment ) for back of swollen poison minors: a live toad, is placed on a sore, toad will out of debt, and then to a, such as the former method, it will be more easy to toad; one, the toad as old, are poisonous powder passed away. If the potential to be a person, live, or two or three, is open even belly by hot Taiwan sores, soon will give off an unbearable stink, and easily two or three times more. (" to" the circle set ) for early whitlow: toad, the abdominal incision of a CM wound, not go splanchnic, add some brown sugar. Will have to reach the intra-abdominal, after two hours, can be another toad, common around ten can be more. Cure inflammation is also effective. ( Guangxi Chinese herbal medicine new medical law formulary." ): a treatment of toxic toads, black pepper seven grains, fresh slices of Jiang Yi. The drug will be on hold eight toad intra-abdominal, and casseroles or crock inside, slow burning powder. Each five cm, two times a day. (" Chinese herbal medicines in Jilin" ) by the treatment of chest wall tuberculosis and tuberculous lymphadenitis burst into leak: toad a money, white pepper, sulfur two money. The pepper, sulfur into toad intra-abdominal, with mud wrap toad thickness of about one or two inch, the fire to simmer penetration, take off the mud, powder, sesame oil mixed into a paste, after sterilization, applied to the sterile gauze strip into the hole, the outer cover gauze, every two to four days of dressing time. ( Liaoning" Chinese herbal medical therapy materials" ) and treat tympanites: big toad toad a, any number of Amomum villosum. To the end, will be installed in Amomum villosum Lour, make full, seam, with the clay body sealing, charcoal calcined red, sometimes cold, will, grind end, three suits, orange Tang Song. (" crimson" toad sand powder capsule summary ) the cure stomach cold stereotypies, water valley Yin, heart stop sputum, two threatened fullness, according to the Ming, inverse and diet: a large toad ( peeled and belly, dismember the ), Mount Xiao ( adults one liter, seven people including, five ) containing thin. In six litres of water to boil, take four, take a lift, a suit, not, more a litre of; in nine of ten game. (" a" rear elbow ) and cure tetanus: toad halves, cut into one or two rot mud, pepper, fried to heat with wine, reentry wine two lights half warm clothes, to slag, the body sweating. (" miraculous cure" ) in treatment of five infantile malnutrition in eight dysentery, emaciation with sallow complexion, good soil, do not think of milk and food: a big toad ( burned dark ), locust ( peeled, string, burnt deposit money ), clam powder ( milk ) money, a money musk. To the end, paste pill corn in. Each hollow rice drink three, forty pills, two. (" the twins" side of the five house and child ball ) with refractory rickets in children a few danger thin: toad to scalp viscera, with mulberry leaf wrap, and then wrapped in paper, fire to simmer cooked, export at two, more than 10more. If the export mix, pharyngeal pear juice solutions. (" Materia Medica" by Quan ) and 11 treatment of hemorrhoids: a large toad, with brick square, content, clay, fire house deposit, to the end; in pig intestinal a wide, with fixed ends, cooked chopped, dipped in Xenopus end food, so three or four times. (" classes" )12treat children a stinking, dental erosion, lip and nose, also for body fat sores: Oyster leather ( yellow paper wrapping, simmer coke), the last one or two of Coptis chinensis, indigo naturalis a money. To the end, into a research and musk. First to Tang Tong peeled licorice, make the blood smear. Sores do sesame oil, wet dry use. (" the twins" million on toad venom powder )13treat tinea: stem toad burning ash, with pig fat and coating. (" the monk episode" deep ) and 14 treatment of tongue sores: whereas a branch, dry toad a ( SSN). On the research is at the end, each take big red bean and mixed in the wound, for a long time, with a new five litre water rinse, no degree. (" Holy Benevolent Prescriptions" toad alum powder )
[ ] the discussion
1:" schema" toad into the Yangming Channel, back row empty is hot, moisture, insecticidal, for infantile malnutrition, ulcer, the sores to medicine. " Don't record" cloud, governing system injury in dogs," elbow" also have a way of. According to Shen Yue" song book" cloud, Zhang Shou for canine injured, said to eat frogs ', food and more, this also treat ulcer, treatment and swelling. Probably can attack both ancient and modern, the party with a plague of frogs, not very much is respectively, toad, readers when the use of, not because of a fan is also.
The 2" Chinese Materia Medica" Sutra: toad, toad, this is the two thing," the cloud" a toad, the generic toads for Toad ear cover. Scripture has a toad, but also the toad. This world is used instead of toad, toad, the benefits will be visible. Mei Xin gas cold, poison in brow skin juice. Its main carbuncle, sore, carbuncle, Yin Yin Li, corrosion inside, for canine wounds, are toxic gas injury muscles. Kill the cold heat detoxification, its rapid, fight poison is poison, easy, poison solution, then muscle and, all cards to go. Where evil plague, much sweat solution. Its taste is big Xin, good sweat, Xin main bulk drugs, cold main heat, it can spread without evil, evil is it to Ann and fever back away. Po Yu, Kennedy blood, also with its bulk heat stasis and Xin Hanneng. The treatment of pediatric manutrition multipurpose, to go Yang and eliminating stasis also.
3" four people monthly": application for boils gangrene.
4" don't record": therapy Yin corrosion, with Li, inside, for canine wounds.
5 Tao Hongjing: men of epidemic febrile disease, spot the stranded, raw food one or two. Burning ash deposited sores.
6" resistance": to kill insects on malnutrition, treat rat inside leakage. Burning ash deposited all evil nourishing Yin sore itchy worm.
7" Materia Medica": the main epidemic febrile disease gleaning hygiene plaque, take a pounding, students taking hank takes juice, also burned end clothing; principal rabies bite crazy to death, in addition to the amount of food, feed a few.
8" Hua Zi" Chinese materia medica: broken blood stasis, treatment of acute gas, pediatric faceted hypochondrium mass.
9" Materia Medica": by MMC in treating infantile diarrhea diarrhea holes, and water to swallow the healing institute; adults falling injury, live and mash rotten apply; wind kinky ringworm, burning ash and pig fat deposition; simmer cooked taste, a kill corrosion.
10" schema" : for all five rickets eight dysentery, boils, tetanus disease, prolapse of rectum.
11" Chinese Materia Medica is" : Xiao hypochondrium mass accumulation, broken Kennedy, swelling and expansion.
The 12" Chinese materia medica preparation to": sweating fever, dehumidification insecticide.
13" circle": making to powder can be, can, can ooze, and sharp in the attack, attending ulcer healing poison, kill infantile malnutrition. The abdominal swollen poison is poison, three words.
The 14" Chinese Materia Medica": new cure sore carbuncle back, pediatric disharmony between spleen and stomach, liver Wanghuo very, dynamic wind convulsion.
15" with Ken diet spectrum": Qingre insecticidal, elimination of trace of poison, Ping startles the stereotypies, wet except the yellow.
16" Shandong Handbook of Chinese herbal medicine": the strong heart diuresis, analgesia. Refractory ascites.
The clinical application of [ ]
1treatment of diphtheria: time to take live toad about 170g, about 33g with alum, placed in the MORTAR PESTLE rotten inside, wrapped with gauze into rectangular (5 * 10cm ), placed in patients with anterior neck, bandage fixation. When patients with cool comfort, about4-5 small blade due to laryngeal secretions reducing. Patients with severe4-6hours by replacement of 1, mild6-10 hours replaced 1 times, after 20hours after feeling throat moist, swallowing facilitate. General intensive replacing 5-6, mild3-4is visible relief of symptoms or heal. Treatment of 13 cases of patients with diphtheria pharyngeal smears, find the Diphtheria Bacillus in 9 cases. After the rule of defervescence time for18-50 hours, local symptoms disappearing for14-52 hours. The refractory case no tracheotomy and other complications.
2 in the treatment of chronic bronchitis: side a, get live toad to head, skin and viscera, drying research end; the other with pig bile concentrated solution and flour mixture at low temperature contour, loosening at the end of the inquiry. According to the7: 3 ratio will toad powder and pig bile flour mixture, into capsule. Every5 minutes,3 times a day, after meal delivery service. A treatment for 10 days, a total of two courses. Observation of 372cases, disease type with simple type, typing of traditional Chinese medicine to deficiency-cold type majority. After taking a cough, timid phlegm, relieving asthma has more than 80% efficiency. In general 3days start. According to the key case of illness observation, before treatment increased leukocyte, lung wet dry rale, after treatment of white cells recovered to normal, pulmonary symptoms improved significantly.
Side two, with period13Money Toad, alum, jujube L gold. The alum, jujube into Toad 's mouth, dry roasted yellow, powder, water pills, such as mung bean, red ochre is clothed in the end, or will the medicine powder into capsules, each capsule ( or capsule )0.5g, adult daily 3-6g,1 or divide time with warm open water jacket, even serving in 30 days. A total of2364 cases of recent control rule,361 cases (15.3% ),651 cases (27.5%), improved in 908 cases (38.4%), invalid in 444 cases (18.8%). The total efficiency of 81.2%. In winter and spring than in summer obviously taking effect, simple and wheezing phenotypes in both showed no significant differences.
3treatment of anthrax for toad:1, water30ml, fry until200ml, cooling after the Dayton clothing; or to live toad1, go to net visceral, ramming into Mi shape, boiling water; or using toad1viscera to the wash, with white chrysanthemum; two, water and drunk as a tea, or will toad, white chrysanthemum dregs with cutaneous anthrax ulcer. It also works with powder ( Medicine ) of water, often with edema. The internal and external treatment of cutaneous anthrax in 26 cases, pulmonary anthrax in 3 cases,1 cases of intestinal anthrax; which have symptoms of systemic poisoning in 18 cases, smear examination of Bacillus anthracis was positive in 14 patients, all were cured.
4 in the treatment of malignant tumor; the live toad dried crispy powder, sieving, and the flour paste big small yellow bean pill. Flour and Toad powder ratio is 1: 3. Each of the 100bolus with realgar5for clothing. Each adult5-7 nine, orally 3 times, after boiling water down. When excessive can have disgusting, giddy feeling. After treatment for 22cases of gastric cancer, bladder cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma patients with carpal, condition has improved.
5treatment of ascites: take the new fresh toad kill ( visceral not to ) post tile drying, grinding into fine powder, stored in a sealed bottle stand. Adult orally 1 times daily, every2G, frail child adult. 10a course of treatment, generally for two courses, such as invalid without continued. Treatment process such as blood pressure drops gradually, also should consider to stop drug. Daily during treatment of appetite not exceeding 2g. Co governance schistosomiasis ascites in 6 cases, of which4cases of refractory ascites after reduction, greatly shortens the preparation time before splenectomy operation, operation were cured without complications; another 2 cases with refractory ascites have better quality. After medication in addition to have varying degrees of decline in blood pressure, body temperature, pulse and no change. The method of low blood pressure ( systolic blood pressure in 90mm Hg below ) and hepatorenal function difference in patients unfit for use. Otherwise with Amomum 7grain into toad ( frog can also be ( should be ) mouth live toad mouth sewn to avoid Amomum villosum spit ), and then use the mud will toad wrapped, set the fire to dry after the removal of clay, the toad grind into fine powder. Daily dose of L A toad,230ml water with wine,7 days for a course of treatment, generally a course of treatment can. Treatment of nephritis10 cases of ascites,9 cases with significant efficacy, including 2 cases of renal function improvement. General medication after second days urine volume increase namely, suit to 7 days of ascites that disappeared.
6 in the treatment of leprosy: toad with Siberian Cocklebur herb with taking, according to the observation of 31 cases, seems to have certain curative effect.
7 toad poisoning due to ingestion of toad poisoning, literature has repeatedly reported. As in cooking30-60minutes after occurrence of symptoms of poisoning, mainly are nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, and delirium, pale, cold limbs, weak pulse, arrhythmia, ECG manifestations mimicking digitalis poisoning. Toad egg and parotid gland secretions, skin, contain a variety of toxic substances, the other part is poisonous, it is unknown. Cook did not undermine or eliminate their toxicity. There have been 2cases of pediatric, and food cooked toad only occurred serious symptoms of poisoning. Among the 1 patients5 years with several salvage escape; another l l half years old children rescue is invalid, the incidence of about 7 hour after death. It is generally believed that toad inedible, such as outside the conduct of its toxin, may also be absorbed into the blood and cause poisoning, should pay attention to.
Excerpts from" Chinese Materia Medica" [ ]
http://chinese-herbal-medicines-directory.blogspot.com/


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